Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene

C₂H₄ + HBr → C₂H₅Br

Tổng quan

Ethylene undergoes electrophilic addition with hydrogen bromide to form bromoethane. The pi electrons of the C=C double bond attack the electrophilic hydrogen of HBr, forming a carbocation intermediate that is then attacked by bromide. For unsymmetrical alkenes, Markovnikov's rule predicts the major product.

Người tham gia

Vai trò	Chất	Hệ số	Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng	Ethylene C₂H₄	1	(g)

Ví dụ thực tế

This type of addition reaction is how the chemical industry converts simple alkenes from petroleum cracking into useful alkyl halides.

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

Alkyl halides produced by HX addition are intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and Grignard reagent preparation.

Tính chất

Loại: Organic
Thuận nghịch: Không
Năng lượng: Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH: -53,0 kJ/mol

Phản ứng liên quan

Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6) Cope Rearrangement Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?

The balanced equation is: C₂H₄ + HBr → C₂H₅Br.

What type of reaction is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene?

Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is a organic reaction.

Is Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene exothermic or endothermic?

Electrophilic Addition of HBr to Ethylene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -53.0 kJ/mol.