Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Tổng quan

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

Người tham gia

Vai trò Chất Hệ số Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng Nitrogen N 1 (g)
Chất phản ứng Hydrogen H 3 (g)
Sản phẩm Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

Ví dụ thực tế

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

The Haber-Bosch process produces over 150 million tonnes of ammonia annually, essential for fertilizers, explosives, and numerous chemical syntheses. It consumes about 1-2% of global energy production.

Tính chất

Loại
Synthesis
Thuận nghịch
Có
Năng lượng
Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH
-92,4 kJ/mol
Ea
230,0 kJ/mol
Chất xúc tác
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

Biểu đồ năng lượng phản ứng

Năng lượng Tiến trình phản ứng ΔH -92,4 kJ Eₐ 230,0 kJ Chất phản ứng Sản phẩm

Phản ứng tỏa nhiệt — năng lượng được giải phóng

Phản ứng liên quan

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.