Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene

C₆H₆ + CH₃Cl → C₆H₅CH₃ + HCl

Tổng quan

Benzene reacts with chloromethane in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst to form toluene and HCl. AlCl₃ generates the electrophilic CH₃⁺ (or a complex equivalent) that attacks the electron-rich benzene ring. This electrophilic aromatic substitution is fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry.

Người tham gia

Vai trò	Chất	Hệ số	Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng	Benzene C₆H₆	1	(l)
Sản phẩm	Hydrochloric Acid HCl	1	(g)

Ví dụ thực tế

Toluene is a common solvent found in paint thinners, adhesives, and is the precursor to TNT (trinitrotoluene).

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

Friedel-Crafts reactions are used to produce ethylbenzene (for styrene/polystyrene), cumene (for phenol/acetone), and detergent alkylates.

Tính chất

Loại: Organic
Thuận nghịch: Không
Năng lượng: Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH: -78,0 kJ/mol
Chất xúc tác: AlCl₃

Phản ứng liên quan

Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6) Cope Rearrangement Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?

The balanced equation is: C₆H₆ + CH₃Cl → C₆H₅CH₃ + HCl.

What type of reaction is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is a organic reaction.

Is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene exothermic or endothermic?

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -78.0 kJ/mol.

What conditions are needed for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene?

This reaction requires a catalyst (AlCl₃).