Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)

Tổng quan

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.

Người tham gia

Vai trò	Chất	Hệ số	Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng	Sodium Hydroxide NaOH	3	(aq)
Sản phẩm	Glycerol C₃H₈O₃	1	(l)

Ví dụ thực tế

Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

The global soap industry produces over 25 million tonnes annually. Glycerol byproduct is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing.

Tính chất

Loại: Organic
Thuận nghịch: Không
Năng lượng: Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH: -25,0 kJ/mol

Phản ứng liên quan

Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethylene Condensation Polymerization (Nylon 6,6) Cope Rearrangement Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?

The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).

What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?

Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.

Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?

Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.