Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH

Tổng quan

Ethylene reacts with steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst at 300 C and 60-70 atm to produce ethanol. This is the primary industrial method for synthetic ethanol production. The reaction follows Markovnikov's rule.

Người tham gia

Vai trò Chất Hệ số Trạng thái
Chất phản ứng Ethylene C₂H₄ 1 (g)
Chất phản ứng Water H₂O 1 (g)
Sản phẩm Ethanol C₂H₅OH 1 (l)

Ví dụ thực tế

Industrial ethanol used in hand sanitizers, solvents, and chemical manufacturing is often produced by this process.

Tầm quan trọng công nghiệp

This is one of the largest-volume industrial organic reactions, producing millions of tonnes of ethanol for solvents, chemical synthesis, and fuel blending.

Tính chất

Loại
Synthesis
Thuận nghịch
Có
Năng lượng
Tỏa nhiệt
ΔH
-44,2 kJ/mol
Chất xúc tác
Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) on silica

Phản ứng liên quan

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH.
What type of reaction is Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) exothermic or endothermic?
Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -44.2 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Synthesis of Ethanol (Hydration of Ethylene)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) on silica).