Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật

Tách diệp lục và carotenoit bằng sắc ký giấy

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 60 phút ~$8,00

Mục tiêu

Tách và nhận biết sắc tố thực vật bằng sắc ký giấy, và tính giá trị Rf cho mỗi sắc tố.

Bối cảnh

Paper chromatography separates mixtures based on differential affinity for the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (solvent). Plant leaves contain multiple pigments: chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green), xanthophylls (yellow), and carotenoids (orange). These pigments have different polarities, causing them to travel different distances up the paper as the solvent front advances.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames
  • Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood
  • Avoid inhaling solvent vapors
  • Petroleum ether is a skin irritant

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Fresh spinach leaves (5–10 leaves)
    Or other dark green leaves
  • Acetone or isopropanol (50 mL)
    Extraction solvent
  • Petroleum ether (30 mL)
    Chromatography solvent
  • Chromatography paper (2 strips)
    Whatman No. 1 or equivalent
  • Sand (1 teaspoon)
    For grinding

Thiết bị

Mortar and pestle Beaker (250 mL) with watch glass cover Pencil (not pen) Ruler Capillary tube Scissors

Quy trình

1

Grind spinach leaves with a pinch of sand and 5 mL acetone in a mortar until a deep green extract forms.

5 phút Acetone is flammable
2

Draw a pencil line 2 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper. Apply the extract using a capillary tube in a small spot. Let dry and reapply 3–4 times to concentrate.

10 phút
3

Pour petroleum ether into the beaker to a depth of about 1 cm. Suspend the paper strip so the origin line is just above the solvent level.

5 phút Work in fume hood
4

Cover the beaker with a watch glass and let the solvent rise by capillary action. Do not disturb until the solvent front is 1–2 cm from the top.

25 phút
5

Remove the paper, immediately mark the solvent front with pencil. Let dry completely.

5 phút
6

Identify the colored bands: carotenoids (orange, highest Rf), xanthophylls (yellow), chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green, lowest Rf). Calculate Rf values for each band.

10 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.

Dọn dẹp

Allow all solvents to evaporate in the fume hood. Dispose of paper in general waste. Clean mortar and pestle thoroughly.

Chi tiết

Danh mục
Qualitative Analysis
Độ khó
Intermediate (High School)
Thời gian
60 phút
Chi phí ước tính
$8,00
Số bước
6
Vật liệu
5

Thí nghiệm khác

Các Thử Nghiệm Nhận Biết Anion 60 min Cầu Vồng Chỉ Thị pH 45 min Nhận Biết Cation Bằng Kết Tủa 90 min Quang Phổ Phát Xạ Ngọn Lửa 60 min Thử Nghiệm Beilstein Cho Halogen 25 min Thử Nghiệm Độ Cứng Nước Bằng Dung Dịch Xà Phòng 40 min Thử Nghiệm Hạt Borax Cho Ion Kim Loại 45 min Thử Nghiệm Tinh Bột-Iot Cho Carbohydrat 30 min Thử Thách Nhận Biết Chất Chưa Biết 75 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật?
Tách và nhận biết sắc tố thực vật bằng sắc ký giấy, và tính giá trị Rf cho mỗi sắc tố.
How difficult is Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật?
Key safety precautions include: Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames; Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood; Avoid inhaling solvent vapors.
What materials are needed for Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật?
The main materials required are: Fresh spinach leaves, Acetone or isopropanol, Petroleum ether, Chromatography paper, Sand.
What results should I expect from Sắc Ký Sắc Tố Thực Vật?
Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.