Thử Thách Nhận Biết Chất Chưa Biết
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Mục tiêu
Áp dụng nhiều thử nghiệm định tính để nhận biết các bột trắng chưa biết, phát triển kỹ năng tư duy phân tích có hệ thống.
Bối cảnh
This integrative experiment challenges students to identify unknown white powders from a set of possibilities (NaCl, NaHCO₃, CaCO₃, cornstarch, sugar, baking powder) using a battery of physical and chemical tests. Students must design their own testing sequence, demonstrating understanding of solubility, acid reactivity, flame tests, and indicator tests.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Do not taste any unknown samples
- Wear goggles when heating or adding acid to unknowns
- Some unknowns may react vigorously with acid
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
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Unknown powders (3–5 samples) (2 g each)Labeled A, B, C, etc.
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Dilute HCl (1M) (10 mL)For acid reactivity test
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Distilled water (100 mL)For solubility test
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Iodine solution (5 mL)Starch test
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Universal indicator (5 mL)pH test
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Cobalt chloride paper (5 strips)Water of crystallization test
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Observe each unknown's physical appearance under magnifying glass: crystal shape, texture, color. Record observations.
Solubility test: Add 0.5 g of each unknown to 5 mL distilled water. Stir and observe if it dissolves, partially dissolves, or is insoluble.
pH test: Add 2 drops of universal indicator to the dissolved/suspended samples. Record the pH.
Acid reactivity: Add 5 drops of dilute HCl to a small amount of each dry unknown. Record any effervescence (CO₂ evolution).
Iodine test: Add 2 drops of iodine solution to each unknown dissolved in water. Record color change.
Flame test: Using a clean nichrome wire, test each unknown in the Bunsen burner flame.
Heat test: Gently heat a small amount of each unknown in an evaporating dish. Observe melting, charring, or gas evolution.
Compile all results and cross-reference to identify each unknown. Write your reasoning.
Kết quả dự kiến
NaCl: soluble, neutral pH, no acid reaction, yellow flame. NaHCO₃: soluble, basic pH, effervesces with acid. CaCO₃: insoluble, effervesces with acid, orange-red flame. Cornstarch: insoluble, positive iodine test. Sugar: soluble, chars on heating.
Dọn dẹp
Dispose of acid-reacted solutions in waste container. Clean all test tubes and glassware. Return unused unknown samples.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Qualitative Analysis
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 75 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $10,00
- Số bước
- 8
- Vật liệu
- 6