Chiết Xuất Caffeine Từ Trà
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Phân lập ancaloit tự nhiên bằng chiết lỏng-lỏng
Mục tiêu
Chiết xuất caffeine từ lá trà bằng chiết lỏng-lỏng với diclometan, minh họa chiết bằng dung môi và phân lập sản phẩm tự nhiên.
Bối cảnh
Tea contains 2-4% caffeine by dry weight. After brewing a concentrated tea, caffeine is extracted into dichloromethane (DCM), which is immiscible with water. Sodium carbonate is added to convert tannins to sodium salts, keeping them in the aqueous layer while caffeine partitions into DCM.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- DCM is a volatile organic solvent — work in fume hood
- DCM is denser than water (lower layer in separating funnel)
- Avoid inhaling DCM vapors
- Do not use open flames near DCM
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Tea bags (black tea) (4 bags)Strong black tea
-
Dichloromethane (DCM) (60 mL)Extraction solvent
-
Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (5 g)To deprotonate tannins
-
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)Drying agent
-
Hot water (200 mL)Freshly boiled
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Brew a strong tea by steeping 4 tea bags in 200 mL of hot water for 10 minutes. Squeeze out the bags and allow to cool.
Add 5 g Na₂CO₃ to the tea. Stir until dissolved.
Transfer the tea to the separating funnel. Add 20 mL DCM. Shake gently with frequent venting.
Allow the layers to separate. Drain the lower DCM layer into a clean flask.
Repeat the DCM extraction two more times with fresh 20 mL portions. Combine all DCM extracts.
Dry the combined DCM extracts over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter.
Carefully evaporate the DCM in a fume hood using a warm water bath (not a hot plate directly). White caffeine crystals should remain.
Weigh the crude caffeine. Calculate the yield per gram of tea.
Kết quả dự kiến
White to off-white crystalline caffeine, typically 20-50 mg from 4 tea bags. The crystals should have a bitter taste. If a melting point apparatus is available, pure caffeine melts at 235-238°C.
Dọn dẹp
Evaporate remaining DCM in fume hood before disposing of waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water. Dispose of DCM waste in halogenated solvent container.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Organic Synthesis
- Độ khó
- Advanced (University)
- Thời gian
- 90 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $15,00
- Số bước
- 8
- Vật liệu
- 5