Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat

Tổng hợp este có mùi thơm trái cây

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 phút ~$20,00

Mục tiêu

Tổng hợp etyl axetat (mùi thơm của dung môi tẩy sơn móng tay) qua este hóa Fischer của axit axetic và etanol, xúc tác bởi axit sunfuric.

Bối cảnh

Fischer esterification is the acid-catalyzed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water. The reaction is reversible, and excess alcohol is used to drive the equilibrium toward product formation. Ethyl acetate has a characteristic sweet, fruity smell and is widely used as an industrial solvent.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Ethanol and ethyl acetate are flammable — no open flames
  • Work in a fume hood
  • Add sulfuric acid slowly to the mixture

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Glacial acetic acid (10 mL)
    Corrosive
  • Ethanol (absolute) (15 mL)
    Excess to drive equilibrium
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (2 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5% for washing
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

Thiết bị

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips Thermometer

Quy trình

1

Add 15 mL ethanol and 10 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 phút Handle acetic acid in fume hood
2

Slowly add 2 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst. Swirl gently to mix.

3 phút Add acid slowly — exothermic
3

Attach the reflux condenser and heat gently at reflux for 45 minutes.

45 phút Ensure water is flowing through condenser
4

Cool the flask. Pour the contents into a separating funnel with 30 mL water.

5 phút
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃ to remove excess acid. Vent the funnel frequently.

5 phút CO₂ gas released — vent carefully
6

Separate the organic layer (top) and dry over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes.

12 phút
7

Filter off the drying agent. Carefully smell the product by wafting — note the fruity aroma of ethyl acetate.

3 phút Never sniff directly — waft vapors toward nose
8

Calculate the yield based on the volume collected and the theoretical yield.

5 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

A clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell characteristic of ethyl acetate. Typical yield is 60-70% due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction.

Dọn dẹp

Dispose of organic waste in the designated container. Neutralize acid waste before disposal. Rinse all glassware with acetone then water.

Chi tiết

Danh mục
Organic Synthesis
Độ khó
Advanced (University)
Thời gian
90 phút
Chi phí ước tính
$20,00
Số bước
8
Vật liệu
5

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat?
Tổng hợp etyl axetat (mùi thơm của dung môi tẩy sơn móng tay) qua este hóa Fischer của axit axetic và etanol, xúc tác bởi axit sunfuric.
How difficult is Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Ethanol and ethyl acetate are flammable — no open flames.
What materials are needed for Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat?
The main materials required are: Glacial acetic acid, Ethanol (absolute), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from Este Hóa Fischer Để Tổng Hợp Etyl Axetat?
A clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell characteristic of ethyl acetate. Typical yield is 60-70% due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction.