Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic

Tinh chế chất rắn bằng cách hòa tan trong dung môi nóng rồi làm nguội

Crystallization Intermediate (High School) 45 phút ~$10,00

Mục tiêu

Tinh chế axit benzoic không tinh khiết bằng kết tinh lại từ nước nóng, minh họa kỹ thuật tinh chế tiêu chuẩn cho chất rắn hữu cơ.

Bối cảnh

Recrystallization exploits the difference in solubility of a substance at different temperatures. Benzoic acid is very soluble in hot water but nearly insoluble in cold water. By dissolving impure benzoic acid in hot water and cooling slowly, pure crystals form while impurities remain in solution.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Handle hot water and hot glassware with care
  • Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways
  • Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks

PPE cần thiết

goggles lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Impure benzoic acid (3 g)
    Mixed with charcoal or sand
  • Distilled water (200 mL)
  • Activated charcoal (0.5 g)
    Optional, for decolorization

Thiết bị

250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Hot plate Buchner funnel Filter flask Vacuum pump Melting point apparatus Ice bath Watch glass

Quy trình

1

Weigh 3 g of impure benzoic acid and record the mass. Note the appearance (color, particle size).

3 phút
2

Add the impure sample to 100 mL of distilled water in the Erlenmeyer flask. Heat to boiling while stirring.

8 phút Handle hot flask with care
3

If the solution is colored, add 0.5 g activated charcoal, swirl, and filter hot through fluted filter paper.

5 phút
4

Allow the clear filtrate to cool slowly to room temperature. Do not disturb.

15 phút
5

Cool further in an ice bath to maximize crystal yield.

5 phút
6

Collect the crystals by vacuum filtration. Wash with a small amount of ice-cold water.

5 phút
7

Dry the crystals on a watch glass. Weigh and calculate percent recovery.

3 phút
8

Determine the melting point (pure benzoic acid: 122°C) and compare with the impure sample.

5 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.

Dọn dẹp

Dispose of filtrate down the drain (benzoic acid is food-grade). Rinse glassware. Dispose of charcoal in solid waste.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic?
Tinh chế axit benzoic không tinh khiết bằng kết tinh lại từ nước nóng, minh họa kỹ thuật tinh chế tiêu chuẩn cho chất rắn hữu cơ.
How difficult is Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water and hot glassware with care; Benzoic acid dust can irritate airways; Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot flasks.
What materials are needed for Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic?
The main materials required are: Impure benzoic acid, Distilled water, Activated charcoal.
What results should I expect from Kết Tinh Lại Axit Benzoic?
White, needle-like crystals with a sharp melting point at 121-123°C. Typical recovery is 60-80%. The purified crystals should be whiter and have a sharper melting point than the crude material.