Quá Bão Hòa và Kết Tinh Tức Thì
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Kích hoạt hình thành tinh thể tức thì trong natri axetat
Mục tiêu
Chuẩn bị dung dịch natri axetat quá bão hòa và kích hoạt kết tinh tức thì, minh họa sự quá bão hòa siêu bền và kết tinh tỏa nhiệt (nước đá nóng).
Bối cảnh
Sodium acetate trihydrate can form extremely supersaturated solutions that remain liquid until disturbed. Adding a single seed crystal or scratching the container wall triggers rapid crystallization throughout the solution, releasing heat (exothermic). The resulting solid resembles ice but is warm to the touch.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- The solution gets hot when it crystallizes — handle with care
- Sodium acetate is generally safe but avoid ingestion
- Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot solution
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Sodium acetate trihydrate (100 g)Or make from vinegar + baking soda
-
Distilled water (10 mL)Minimal amount
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Add 100 g sodium acetate trihydrate and 10 mL water to the beaker. Heat while stirring until all crystals dissolve (about 70°C).
Remove from heat and allow to cool to room temperature undisturbed. Do not shake or add anything.
Once cooled, the solution should remain liquid despite being supersaturated. Measure the temperature.
Drop a single small crystal of sodium acetate into the solution and observe the rapid crystallization wave.
Immediately measure the temperature of the newly formed crystals. Note the temperature increase (exothermic).
The process is reversible — reheat to dissolve and repeat.
Kết quả dự kiến
When triggered, crystallization should sweep through the solution in seconds, forming a solid mass of warm crystals (hence "hot ice"). The temperature typically rises 10-20°C above room temperature. This is the principle behind reusable hand warmers.
Dọn dẹp
Sodium acetate is reusable. Simply reheat to dissolve. Can be disposed down the drain. Rinse equipment.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Crystallization
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 35 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $8,00
- Số bước
- 6
- Vật liệu
- 2