Phản Ứng Dao Động Briggs-Rauscher
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Đồng hồ hóa học luân phiên giữa không màu, hổ phách và xanh đậm
Mục tiêu
Quan sát phản ứng hóa học dao động lặp đi lặp lại qua ba trạng thái màu khác nhau, minh họa động học hóa học phi tuyến.
Bối cảnh
The Briggs-Rauscher reaction is one of the most visually stunning demonstrations of oscillating chemical kinetics. Three solutions are mixed, and the resulting solution spontaneously cycles between colorless, amber, and deep blue states for several minutes. The oscillations occur because two competing reaction pathways alternately dominate: a radical pathway (producing I₂, which reacts with starch to form the blue color) and a non-radical pathway (consuming I₂, clearing the blue).
Cảnh báo an toàn
- 30% H₂O₂ causes burns — handle with extreme care
- H₂SO₄ is corrosive
- KIO₃ is an oxidizer
- Wear face shield during mixing step
- Do not lean over the reaction vessel
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Potassium iodate (KIO₃) (4.3 g)Solution A component
-
Malonic acid (CH₂(COOH)₂) (1.6 g)Solution B component
-
Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO₄) (0.4 g)Solution B catalyst
-
Starch solution (1%) (5 mL)Solution B indicator
-
Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (50 mL)Solution C
-
Sulfuric acid (1M H₂SO₄) (20 mL)Solution A acidification
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Prepare Solution A: Dissolve 4.3 g KIO₃ in 100 mL warm water. Add 20 mL of 1M H₂SO₄.
Prepare Solution B: Dissolve 1.6 g malonic acid and 0.4 g MnSO₄ in 100 mL water. Add 5 mL of 1% starch solution.
Prepare Solution C: Dilute 50 mL of 30% H₂O₂ to 100 mL with water.
Set the magnetic stirrer to moderate speed. Pour all three solutions simultaneously into the large beaker on the stirrer.
Observe: the solution cycles colorless → amber → deep blue → colorless, repeating for 5–15 minutes. Time the oscillation period.
Record the number of oscillations and the period of each cycle. Note how the period changes over time.
Discuss the mechanism: competing radical and non-radical pathways, the role of iodine and starch, and the concept of chemical oscillators.
Kết quả dự kiến
The solution oscillates between colorless, amber, and deep blue 10–15 times before settling to a permanent dark blue. Each oscillation takes 10–30 seconds initially, with the period increasing as reactants are consumed.
Dọn dẹp
The spent solution contains iodine and manganese. Collect in inorganic waste. Rinse all glassware. Clean the magnetic stir bar.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Classroom Demonstrations
- Độ khó
- Advanced (University)
- Thời gian
- 40 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $20,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 7