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Tạo điện thế từ sự chênh lệch nồng độ
Mục tiêu
Chế tạo pin nồng độ dùng nửa pin đồng ở các nồng độ khác nhau và xác minh dự đoán của phương trình Nernst về điện thế pin.
Bối cảnh
A concentration cell generates voltage from the difference in concentration between two otherwise identical half-cells. According to the Nernst equation, the EMF depends on the logarithm of the concentration ratio. This experiment demonstrates that even without different metals, a potential difference arises from entropy-driven mixing.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Copper sulfate is toxic
- Wear gloves when handling solutions
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (200 mL total)Prepare 0.01M and 1M solutions
-
Copper strips (2) (2 pieces)Identical, sanded clean
-
Potassium nitrate salt bridge (1)Saturated KNO₃ in agar
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Prepare two CuSO₄ solutions: 100 mL of 1.0M and 100 mL of 0.01M.
Sand both copper strips until shiny and rinse with distilled water.
Pour the dilute (0.01M) CuSO₄ into one beaker and the concentrated (1.0M) into the other.
Place one copper strip in each beaker. Connect with the salt bridge.
Connect the voltmeter. The dilute side is the anode (negative terminal). Measure the EMF.
Calculate the predicted EMF using the Nernst equation: E = (RT/nF) ln(C_high/C_low) = (0.0257/2) ln(100) = 0.059 V at 25°C.
Compare measured and theoretical values. Discuss sources of deviation.
Kết quả dự kiến
The cell should produce approximately 0.05-0.06 V. The Nernst equation predicts E = (0.02569 V / 2) x ln(1.0/0.01) = 0.059 V at 25°C. Measured values may be slightly lower due to junction potentials.
Dọn dẹp
Dispose of copper sulfate waste in designated containers. Rinse and store copper strips. Clean salt bridge.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Electrochemistry
- Độ khó
- Advanced (University)
- Thời gian
- 45 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $18,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 3