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Phủ một lớp đồng mỏng lên vật kim loại
Mục tiêu
Mạ điện chìa khóa hoặc đồng xu kim loại bằng đồng, minh họa quy trình công nghiệp điện kết tủa và các định luật Faraday.
Bối cảnh
Electroplating uses electrolysis to deposit a thin layer of metal onto a conductive surface. The object to be plated is made the cathode, and the plating metal (copper) is the anode. Copper ions from the solution are reduced and deposited on the cathode surface.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Copper sulfate solution is toxic
- Dilute sulfuric acid is corrosive
- Wear gloves and goggles
- Handle electrical connections with care
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) (200 mL)1M solution
-
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (10 mL)Dilute, to improve conductivity
-
Copper strip or sheet (1 piece)Anode
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Metal key or coin (1)Object to plate (cathode)
-
Acetone or alcohol (20 mL)For cleaning the object
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Clean the object (key/coin) by sanding lightly and degreasing with acetone. A clean surface is critical for good plating.
Weigh the clean object on the analytical balance and record the mass.
Prepare the plating solution: 200 mL of 1M CuSO₄ with 5 mL of dilute H₂SO₄.
Suspend the copper strip (anode) and the object (cathode) in the solution, connected to the power supply.
Set the power supply to 3V and turn it on. Observe the copper being deposited on the cathode.
Allow plating to continue for 30 minutes. Periodically check that gas bubbles are minimal (indicates correct voltage).
Turn off the power supply. Remove the plated object, rinse with water, and dry gently.
Weigh the plated object. Calculate the mass of copper deposited and compare with Faraday's law prediction.
Kết quả dự kiến
A smooth, shiny copper coating should cover the object. The mass increase should correlate with Faraday's law: m = (M x I x t) / (n x F), where M is molar mass of Cu, I is current, t is time, n=2, and F is Faraday's constant.
Dọn dẹp
Dispose of copper sulfate solution in heavy metal waste. Rinse all equipment. Clean the copper anode for reuse.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Electrochemistry
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 60 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $15,00
- Số bước
- 8
- Vật liệu
- 5