Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay

Đo sự thay đổi thể tích khí theo nhiệt độ

Gas Laws Beginner (Middle School) 30 phút ~$5,00

Mục tiêu

Minh họa định luật Charles bằng cách đo chu vi quả bóng bay đầy khí ở các nhiệt độ khác nhau.

Bối cảnh

Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin). By heating and cooling a balloon and measuring its size, the linear relationship between V and T can be confirmed.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Handle hot water carefully
  • Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon

PPE cần thiết

goggles

Vật liệu

  • Latex balloons (3)
    Same size
  • String (1 m)
    For measuring circumference
  • Ice (1 kg)
  • Hot water (2 L)
    Various temperatures

Thiết bị

Large containers (3) Thermometer Ruler or tape measure Timer

Quy trình

1

Inflate a balloon to a moderate size and tie it off. Measure its circumference at room temperature with string.

3 phút
2

Prepare three water baths: ice water (~5°C), room temperature (~22°C), and hot water (~60°C).

5 phút Handle hot water carefully
3

Submerge the balloon in ice water for 5 minutes. Remove and quickly measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 phút
4

Return the balloon to room temperature water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference.

7 phút
5

Submerge in hot water for 5 minutes. Measure circumference. Record temperature.

7 phút
6

Convert temperatures to Kelvin. Plot V (proportional to circumference³) vs T(K). Extrapolate to find absolute zero.

5 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).

Dọn dẹp

Drain water baths. Pop and dispose of balloons. Clean up any spills.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay?
Minh họa định luật Charles bằng cách đo chu vi quả bóng bay đầy khí ở các nhiệt độ khác nhau.
How difficult is Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay?
Key safety precautions include: Handle hot water carefully; Do not use boiling water directly on the balloon.
What materials are needed for Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay?
The main materials required are: Latex balloons, String, Ice, Hot water.
What results should I expect from Định Luật Charles với Quả Bóng Bay?
The balloon should be visibly smaller in ice water and larger in hot water. Plotting estimated volume vs absolute temperature should give a straight line. Extrapolating to zero volume should approximate -273°C (absolute zero).