Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie
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Tính thể tích mol bằng phản ứng Mg với HCl
Mục tiêu
Xác định thể tích mol khí hydro ở điều kiện phòng bằng cách cho khối lượng magie dải đã biết phản ứng với axit clohydric dư.
Bối cảnh
When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).
Cảnh báo an toàn
- HCl is corrosive
- Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
- Handle glassware carefully
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)Accurately weighed
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)2M, excess
-
Distilled water (500 mL)
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.
Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.
Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.
Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.
Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.
Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.
Kết quả dự kiến
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).
Dọn dẹp
Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Gas Laws
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 40 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $8,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 3