Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie

Tính thể tích mol bằng phản ứng Mg với HCl

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 40 phút ~$8,00

Mục tiêu

Xác định thể tích mol khí hydro ở điều kiện phòng bằng cách cho khối lượng magie dải đã biết phản ứng với axit clohydric dư.

Bối cảnh

When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
  • Handle glassware carefully

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)
    Accurately weighed
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)
    2M, excess
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

Thiết bị

Eudiometer tube or graduated cylinder (50 mL) Pneumatic trough Copper wire cage Rubber stopper Analytical balance Thermometer Barometer

Quy trình

1

Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.

3 phút
2

Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.

3 phút
3

Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.

5 phút Handle acid carefully
4

Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.

10 phút No flames nearby
5

Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.

3 phút
6

Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

2 phút
7

Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.

8 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).

Dọn dẹp

Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie?
Xác định thể tích mol khí hydro ở điều kiện phòng bằng cách cho khối lượng magie dải đã biết phản ứng với axit clohydric dư.
How difficult is Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Hydrogen is flammable — no flames; Handle glassware carefully.
What materials are needed for Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Hóa Học Lượng Khí với Magie?
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).