Thể Tích Mol Khí ở Điều Kiện Tiêu Chuẩn
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Xác định thực nghiệm 22,4 L/mol bằng butan
Mục tiêu
Xác định thể tích mol khí butan ở điều kiện tiêu chuẩn bằng cách đo khối lượng và thể tích khí thoát ra từ bật lửa.
Bối cảnh
A butane lighter releases pure C₄H₁₀ gas. By weighing the lighter before and after releasing gas into a water-displacement collection system, and measuring the volume collected, the molar volume can be calculated and compared to the theoretical 22.4 L/mol at STP.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment
- Ensure adequate ventilation
- Do not inhale butane
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Butane lighter (1)Disposable, transparent preferred
-
Distilled water (1 L)
-
Ice (as needed)Optional, for STP correction
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Weigh the butane lighter on the analytical balance. Record the mass to 0.01 g.
Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it in the pneumatic trough.
Connect rubber tubing to the lighter nozzle. Submerge the other end under the graduated cylinder.
Release butane slowly into the inverted cylinder, collecting 200-400 mL of gas.
Record the volume of gas collected. Equalize water levels first.
Reweigh the lighter. The mass difference is the mass of butane released.
Record temperature and pressure. Calculate moles of butane (M=58.12 g/mol). Correct volume to STP using combined gas law.
Calculate molar volume = V(STP)/n. Compare with theoretical 22.4 L/mol.
Kết quả dự kiến
0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.
Dọn dẹp
Ensure no butane remains in the room — ventilate well. Drain water apparatus. Store lighter safely.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Gas Laws
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 35 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $6,00
- Số bước
- 8
- Vật liệu
- 3