Áp Suất Hơi và Điểm Sôi
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Đo sự thay đổi áp suất hơi theo nhiệt độ
Mục tiêu
Đo áp suất hơi của nước ở các nhiệt độ khác nhau và xác minh phương trình Clausius-Clapeyron.
Bối cảnh
The vapor pressure of a liquid increases exponentially with temperature. By measuring the temperature at which water boils under different reduced pressures (or measuring vapor pressure at different temperatures), the enthalpy of vaporization can be determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Handle vacuum apparatus carefully — implosion risk with glass
- Hot water can cause burns
- Use proper vacuum-rated glassware only
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Distilled water (200 mL)
-
Ice (500 g)For cold water bath
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Set up the flask with water, thermometer, and pressure gauge. Connect to the vacuum pump.
Heat the water to 80°C. Record the temperature and vapor pressure.
Reduce pressure with the vacuum pump. Note the temperature at which boiling begins.
Record at least 8 temperature-pressure data points from 40°C to 100°C.
Plot ln(P) vs 1/T(K). The slope = -ΔHvap/R.
Calculate ΔHvap from the slope. Compare with the literature value of 40.7 kJ/mol.
Kết quả dự kiến
The ln(P) vs 1/T plot should be linear with a negative slope. The calculated ΔHvap should be approximately 40-44 kJ/mol, close to the accepted value of 40.7 kJ/mol for water.
Dọn dẹp
Release vacuum slowly. Turn off heater. Drain water and dry apparatus.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Gas Laws
- Độ khó
- Advanced (University)
- Thời gian
- 45 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $12,00
- Số bước
- 6
- Vật liệu
- 2