원유 분별 증류

석유를 유용한 성분으로 분리하기

Petrochemical & Refining Global Industrial Scale $2.5 trillion

개요

Fractional distillation is the primary process for refining crude oil into usable products. Crude oil is heated to approximately 400 degrees C and fed into a fractionating column where different hydrocarbon fractions condense at different heights based on their boiling points. This single process produces gasoline, diesel, kerosene, lubricating oils, and heavy fuel oil. Globally, over 600 refineries process approximately 100 million barrels per day, making this the largest-scale chemical separation process in existence.

화학 공정

Crude oil is preheated and desalted, then fed into an atmospheric distillation column at 350-400 degrees C. Lighter fractions (gases, naphtha, kerosene) rise and condense at the top, while heavier fractions (gas oil, residuum) collect at the bottom. Vacuum distillation further separates the residuum.

Physical separation (no chemical reaction) — components separated by boiling point differences in a fractionating column with 30-50 trays

원자재

  • Crude oil — Oil wells (conventional and unconventional) (Feedstock)
  • Steam — Boiler systems (Stripping agent)

최종 제품

  • Gasoline (naphtha) — Motor fuel and petrochemical feedstock (C₅-C₁₂ hydrocarbons, bp 30-200 degrees C)
  • Kerosene/Jet fuel — Aviation fuel and heating (C₁₂-C₁₅ hydrocarbons)
  • Diesel — Transportation fuel (C₁₅-C₂₀ hydrocarbons)
  • Heavy fuel oil — Marine fuel and power generation (C₂₀+ hydrocarbons)
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Environmental Impact

Petroleum refining is one of the largest industrial sources of CO₂, SO₂, and NOx emissions. Refineries produce wastewater containing phenols, sulfides, and heavy metals. Modern refineries use flue gas desulfurization and vapor recovery systems to minimize atmospheric emissions.

안전 고려사항

최근 혁신

Advanced process control using AI and machine learning optimizes cut points in real-time, improving yield of high-value products.
Crude-to-chemicals refineries skip traditional fuels and convert crude directly to petrochemical feedstocks.

생산 규모

4400000000

톤/년

$2.5 trillion

시장 가치

더 보기: Petrochemical & Refining

폴리에틸렌 중합

Global Industrial Scale

고옥탄가 가솔린을 위한 접촉 개질

Global Industrial Scale

에틸렌 생산을 위한 스팀 분해

Global Industrial Scale

지글러-나타 촉매법에 의한 폴리프로필렌 생산

Global Industrial Scale

합성 연료를 위한 피셔-트롭시 합성

Commercial Production

은 촉매 산화에 의한 에틸렌 옥사이드 생산

Global Industrial Scale

중축합에 의한 PET 폴리에스터 생산

Global Industrial Scale

Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses 원유 분별 증류?
원유 분별 증류 is used in the petrochemical & refining sector at global industrial scale scale.
What process is involved in 원유 분별 증류?
Crude oil is preheated and desalted, then fed into an atmospheric distillation column at 350-400 degrees C. Lighter fractions (gases, naphtha, kerosene) rise and condense at the top, while heavier fractions (gas oil, residuum) collect at the bottom. Vacuum distillation further separates the residuum
What is the economic significance of 원유 분별 증류?
원유 분별 증류 has a market value of $2.5 trillion and annual production of 4,400,000,000 tons.
What is the environmental impact of 원유 분별 증류?
Petroleum refining is one of the largest industrial sources of CO₂, SO₂, and NOx emissions. Refineries produce wastewater containing phenols, sulfides, and heavy metals. Modern refineries use flue gas desulfurization and vapor recovery systems to minimize atmospheric emissions.
What raw materials are used in 원유 분별 증류?
The main raw materials include: Crude oil, Steam.