19 K 칼륨 39.098 u

칼륨

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주기
4
1
블록
s-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

칼륨은 모든 살아 있는 세포에 필수적인 알칼리 금속이다. 지각에서 일곱 번째로 풍부한 원소이다.

외관: 은회색

칼륨 개요

Essential to every living cell, potassium is a soft, silvery alkali metal that reacts vigorously with water. It has atomic number 19 and an atomic mass of 39.098, a notably large atomic radius of 243 pm, and a low melting point of 337 K. Its single valence electron ([Ar] 4s1) is loosely held, giving the low electronegativity of 0.82 and a first ionization energy of just 419 kJ/mol. Humphry Davy first isolated the metal in 1807. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element in Earth's crust, but its reactivity means it never occurs free. It belongs to group 1, period 4.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 39.098 u
밀도 0.862 g/cm³
녹는점 63.6 °C
끓는점 758.9 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 243.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 0.82
이온화 에너지 418.8 eV
전자 친화도 48.4 eV
원자가 전자 1

전자 배치

배치 [Ar] 4s¹

전자껍질 배치

칼륨의 전자껍질 배치 K 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 8e⁻ 1e⁻
칼륨의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 8
4 (N) 1

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 칼륨의 위치 K

발견

발견자: Humphry Davy
연도: 1807

칼륨을(를) 포함하는 화합물

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 칼륨?
칼륨 (K) is a chemical element with atomic number 19. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 알칼리 금속.
What are the key properties of 칼륨?
칼륨 has an atomic mass of 39.098 u, density of 0.862 g/cm³, melting point of 63.6°C, boiling point of 758.9°C.
What is the electron configuration of 칼륨?
The electron configuration of 칼륨 is [Ar] 4s1. It is in the s-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 칼륨?
칼륨 was discovered by Humphry Davy in 1807.
What is the electronegativity of 칼륨?
칼륨 has an electronegativity of 0.82 on the Pauling scale.