14 Si 규소 28.085 u

규소

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주기
3
14
블록
p-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

규소는 산소 다음으로 지각에 풍부한 원소이다. 현대 전자공학과 반도체 기술의 토대이다.

외관: 결정질, 푸른빛을 띤 반사 광택

규소 개요

The foundation of modern electronics, silicon is a hard, crystalline metalloid whose semiconducting behavior underpins integrated circuits. It has atomic number 14 and an atomic mass of 28.085, a reflective surface with a bluish tinge, and a melting point of 1687 K. Four valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p2) and an electronegativity of 1.90 favor a covalent, diamond-like lattice; its first ionization energy is 786.5 kJ/mol. Jöns Jacob Berzelius isolated the element in 1824. After oxygen, silicon is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, occurring in sand and silicate minerals rather than free. It belongs to group 14, period 3, below carbon.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 28.085 u
밀도 2.3296 g/cm³
녹는점 1413.8 °C
끓는점 3264.8 °C
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid
원자 반지름 111.0 pm

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 1.9
이온화 에너지 786.5 eV
전자 친화도 133.6 eV
원자가 전자 4

전자 배치

배치 [Ne] 3s² 3p²

전자껍질 배치

규소의 전자껍질 배치 Si 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 4e⁻
규소의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 4

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 규소의 위치 Si

발견

발견자: Jons Jacob Berzelius
연도: 1824

규소을(를) 포함하는 화합물

Science FYI에서 더 보기

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 규소?
규소 (Si) is a chemical element with atomic number 14. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 준금속.
What are the key properties of 규소?
규소 has an atomic mass of 28.085 u, density of 2.3296 g/cm³, melting point of 1413.8°C, boiling point of 3264.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of 규소?
The electron configuration of 규소 is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered 규소?
규소 was discovered by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1824.
What is the electronegativity of 규소?
규소 has an electronegativity of 1.9 on the Pauling scale.