72 Hf 하프늄 178.49 u

하프늄

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주기
6
족
4
블록
d-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

하프늄은 원자로 제어봉에 쓰이는 내식성 전이 금속이다. 화학적으로 지르코늄과 비슷하다.

하프늄 개요

Hafnium (Hf) is a lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal, element 72, opening group 4 of period 6 in the d-block. It has an atomic mass of 178.49, the electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s², and a Pauling electronegativity of 1.3. Chemically it closely resembles zirconium, the element directly above it, and the two are notoriously difficult to separate. Hafnium's strong absorption of neutrons makes it well suited to the control rods that regulate nuclear reactors, particularly in naval propulsion. The metal is solid at standard conditions and forms a very stable oxide used in advanced semiconductor insulation.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 178.49 u
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 1.3

전자 배치

배치 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

전자껍질 배치

하프늄의 전자껍질 배치 Hf 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 32e⁻ 10e⁻ 2e⁻
하프늄의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 32
5 (O) 10
6 (P) 2

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 하프늄의 위치 Hf

블록 & 주기

블록

s p d f

주기

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

주기율표

란타넘족 악티늄족

더 많은 전이 금속

21 Sc 스칸듐 22 Ti 타이타늄 23 V 바나듐 24 Cr 크로뮴 25 Mn 망가니즈 26 Fe 철 27 Co 코발트 28 Ni 니켈 29 Cu 구리 30 Zn 아연

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 하프늄?
하프늄 (Hf) is a chemical element with atomic number 72. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 전이 금속.
What are the key properties of 하프늄?
하프늄 has an atomic mass of 178.49 u.
What is the electron configuration of 하프늄?
The electron configuration of 하프늄 is [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2. It is in the d-block of the periodic table.
What is the electronegativity of 하프늄?
하프늄 has an electronegativity of 1.3 on the Pauling scale.