82 Pb 납 207.2 u

납

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주기
6
족
14
블록
p-블록
상 (표준 상태)
Solid

납은 고대부터 사용된 밀도가 높고 무르며 독성이 있는 전이후 금속이다. 축전지, 방사선 차폐, 땜납에 쓰인다.

납 개요

Few metals have been worked for as long as lead, which humans have smelted since antiquity. The element carries atomic number 82 and a relative atomic mass of 207.2, and its [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 configuration puts it in group 14 of period 6, the p-block column headed by carbon. It is a dense, soft solid at standard conditions, with an electronegativity of 1.87. Toxicity is its defining modern constraint and has driven its removal from fuels, paints and plumbing across much of the industrialised economy. Three applications nevertheless persist on technical grounds: lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, and solder. Density is the property behind the shielding role, while the low melting behaviour of lead alloys underpins their use as joining metals.

물리적 성질

원자 질량 207.2 u
표준 상태에서의 상 Solid

전자적 성질

전기 음성도 1.87

전자 배치

배치 [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

전자껍질 배치

납의 전자껍질 배치 Pb 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 32e⁻ 18e⁻ 4e⁻
납의 전자껍질 구조 — 껍질별 전자 수.
껍질 전자
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 32
5 (O) 18
6 (P) 4

주기율표에서의 위치

주기율표에서 납의 위치 Pb

블록 & 주기

블록

s p d f

주기

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

주기율표

란타넘족 악티늄족

Pb가 포함된 반응

납축전지 방전

Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

전기화학

이산화납과 황산 (납축전지 방전)

PbO₂ + Pb + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

산화·환원

납이 질산은에서 은을 치환

Pb + 2AgNO₃ → Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

단일 치환

폴로늄-210의 알파 붕괴

²¹⁰Po → ²⁰⁶Pb + ⁴He

핵

납을(를) 포함하는 화합물

지르코늄산 타이타늄산 납

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃

산화납(II)

PbO

황화납(II)

PbS

더 많은 전이후 금속

13 Al 알루미늄 31 Ga 갈륨 49 In 인듐 50 Sn 주석 81 Tl 탈륨 83 Bi 비스무트 84 Po 폴로늄

Science FYI에서 더 보기

MineralFYI
Galena

주요 납 광석 — 황화 납(PbS)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 납?
납 (Pb) is a chemical element with atomic number 82. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a 전이후 금속.
What are the key properties of 납?
납 has an atomic mass of 207.2 u.
What is the electron configuration of 납?
The electron configuration of 납 is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
What is the electronegativity of 납?
납 has an electronegativity of 1.87 on the Pauling scale.