케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산

무게 대비 강철보다 5배 강한 아라미드 섬유

Materials Science & Polymers Commercial Production $3.5 billion

개요

Kevlar is a para-aramid fiber produced by the polycondensation of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride in solution, followed by dry-jet wet spinning. Invented by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, Kevlar has a tensile strength-to-weight ratio five times that of steel. Its liquid crystalline behavior in solution enables production of highly oriented fibers with exceptional mechanical properties. Applications include body armor, cut-resistant gloves, tire reinforcement, aerospace composites, and fiber-optic cables.

화학 공정

p-Phenylenediamine is dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with CaCl2 at -10 degrees C. Terephthaloyl chloride in NMP is added rapidly with vigorous stirring, producing the polymer as a gel. The polymer is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (19.4% w/w) to form a liquid crystalline dope, which is extruded through a spinneret into an air gap and then a water coagulation bath (dry-jet wet spinning).

nH2N-C6H4-NH2 + nClOC-C6H4-COCl -> -[NH-C6H4-NH-CO-C6H4-CO]n- + 2nHCl (low-temperature polycondensation)

원자재

  • p-Phenylenediamine (C6H4(NH2)2) — Reduction of p-nitroaniline (Diamine monomer)
  • Terephthaloyl chloride (ClOC-C6H4-COCl) — Chlorination of terephthalic acid (Diacid chloride monomer)
  • Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) — Contact process (Spinning solvent for liquid crystalline dope)

최종 제품

  • Kevlar fiber (poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide) — Body armor, tire cord, cut-resistant gloves, composites (Tensile strength 3.6 GPa, modulus 130 GPa)
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Environmental Impact

The use of concentrated sulfuric acid as spinning solvent and NMP in polymerization generates hazardous waste requiring careful recovery. HCl byproduct is captured and neutralized. Kevlar fibers are extremely durable and persist indefinitely in the environment, but the small production volume limits overall impact.

안전 고려사항

최근 혁신

DuPont has developed solvent-free Kevlar processing for certain applications.
Recycled Kevlar pulp from end-of-life body armor is used in brake pads and gaskets.
New copolymer aramids offer improved dyeability and UV resistance.

생산 규모

70000

톤/년

$3.5 billion

시장 가치

더 보기: Materials Science & Polymers

폴리아크릴로나이트릴로부터 탄소 섬유 제조

Commercial Production

지글러-나타 촉매법에 의한 폴리에틸렌 합성

Global Industrial Scale

유리 섬유 복합재료 제조

Global Industrial Scale

황 가교결합에 의한 고무 가황

Global Industrial Scale

중축합에 의한 나일론 6,6 생산

Global Industrial Scale

비스페놀 A로부터 에폭시 수지 생산

Global Industrial Scale

직접법에 의한 실리콘(PDMS) 제조

Global Industrial Scale

Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses 케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산?
케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산 is used in the materials science & polymers sector at commercial production scale.
What process is involved in 케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산?
p-Phenylenediamine is dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with CaCl2 at -10 degrees C. Terephthaloyl chloride in NMP is added rapidly with vigorous stirring, producing the polymer as a gel. The polymer is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (19.4% w/w) to form a liquid crystalline dope, wh
What is the economic significance of 케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산?
케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산 has a market value of $3.5 billion and annual production of 70,000 tons.
What is the environmental impact of 케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산?
The use of concentrated sulfuric acid as spinning solvent and NMP in polymerization generates hazardous waste requiring careful recovery. HCl byproduct is captured and neutralized. Kevlar fibers are extremely durable and persist indefinitely in the environment, but the small production volume limits
What raw materials are used in 케블러(폴리-p-페닐렌 테레프탈아마이드) 섬유 생산?
The main raw materials include: p-Phenylenediamine (C6H4(NH2)2), Terephthaloyl chloride (ClOC-C6H4-COCl), Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).