오존 수처리 및 고도 산화
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미량 오염 물질 분해를 위한 강력한 산화제
개요
Ozone (O3) treatment is used in drinking water disinfection and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to destroy micropollutants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine disruptors that conventional treatment cannot remove. Ozone is 52% stronger than chlorine as an oxidant and decomposes to oxygen without leaving residual chemicals. Over 3,000 water treatment plants worldwide use ozone. When combined with hydrogen peroxide or UV light, ozone generates hydroxyl radicals -- the strongest oxidant available in water treatment.
화학 공정
Ozone is generated on-site by passing dried air or oxygen through a corona discharge generator at 10-20 kV, producing 1-12% O3 by weight. The ozone-rich gas is dissolved in water through fine bubble diffusers or injectors at doses of 2-10 mg/L. Contact time of 10-20 minutes in a baffled contactor achieves disinfection and micropollutant oxidation. Off-gas containing residual ozone is destroyed by catalytic or thermal decomposition.
O3 + micropollutant -> oxidized products (direct ozone oxidation)
O3 + H2O2 -> OH. + O2 + HO2. (AOP -- hydroxyl radical generation, E0 = 2.80 V)
원자재
-
Oxygen (O2) — Air separation or on-site PSA/VSA generators (Ozone precursor)
-
Electricity — Grid power (Energy for corona discharge (8-17 kWh/kg O3))
최종 제품
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Disinfected and oxidized water — Drinking water, wastewater reuse, swimming pools (No chemical residual -- O3 decomposes to O2)
Environmental Impact
Ozone treatment eliminates the need for chlorine in primary disinfection, avoiding disinfection byproducts. However, ozone can form bromate (BrO3-, a probable carcinogen) from bromide-containing water. Energy consumption is the main environmental cost. Transformation products from micropollutant oxidation require monitoring.
안전 고려사항
- ⚠ Ozone is toxic at concentrations above 0.1 ppm (8-hour TWA)
- ⚠ High-voltage corona discharge generators require electrical safety measures
- ⚠ Ozone is a powerful oxidizer -- incompatible with rubber and some plastics
- ⚠ Residual ozone in off-gas must be destroyed before atmospheric release
최근 혁신
Electrolytic ozone generation produces high-concentration ozone from water without gas handling.
Ceramic membrane ozonation combines ozone dissolution with membrane filtration.
Catalytic ozonation using heterogeneous catalysts (MnO2, TiO2) enhances hydroxyl radical production.