식물 색소의 크로마토그래피

종이 크로마토그래피로 클로로필과 카로테노이드 분리하기

Qualitative Analysis Intermediate (High School) 60 분 ~$8.00

목표

종이 크로마토그래피로 식물 색소를 분리·확인하고 각 색소의 Rf 값을 계산한다.

배경

Paper chromatography separates mixtures based on differential affinity for the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (solvent). Plant leaves contain multiple pigments: chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green), xanthophylls (yellow), and carotenoids (orange). These pigments have different polarities, causing them to travel different distances up the paper as the solvent front advances.

안전 경고

  • Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames
  • Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood
  • Avoid inhaling solvent vapors
  • Petroleum ether is a skin irritant

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat

재료

  • Fresh spinach leaves (5–10 leaves)
    Or other dark green leaves
  • Acetone or isopropanol (50 mL)
    Extraction solvent
  • Petroleum ether (30 mL)
    Chromatography solvent
  • Chromatography paper (2 strips)
    Whatman No. 1 or equivalent
  • Sand (1 teaspoon)
    For grinding

장비

Mortar and pestle Beaker (250 mL) with watch glass cover Pencil (not pen) Ruler Capillary tube Scissors

실험 절차

1

Grind spinach leaves with a pinch of sand and 5 mL acetone in a mortar until a deep green extract forms.

5 분 Acetone is flammable
2

Draw a pencil line 2 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper. Apply the extract using a capillary tube in a small spot. Let dry and reapply 3–4 times to concentrate.

10 분
3

Pour petroleum ether into the beaker to a depth of about 1 cm. Suspend the paper strip so the origin line is just above the solvent level.

5 분 Work in fume hood
4

Cover the beaker with a watch glass and let the solvent rise by capillary action. Do not disturb until the solvent front is 1–2 cm from the top.

25 분
5

Remove the paper, immediately mark the solvent front with pencil. Let dry completely.

5 분
6

Identify the colored bands: carotenoids (orange, highest Rf), xanthophylls (yellow), chlorophyll a (blue-green), chlorophyll b (yellow-green, lowest Rf). Calculate Rf values for each band.

10 분

예상 결과

Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.

정리

Allow all solvents to evaporate in the fume hood. Dispose of paper in general waste. Clean mortar and pestle thoroughly.

세부 정보

카테고리
Qualitative Analysis
난이도
Intermediate (High School)
소요 시간
60 분
예상 비용
$8.00
단계
6
재료
5

더 많은 실험

탄수화물의 아이오딘-전분 시험 30 min 할로겐에 대한 베이슈타인 시험 25 min 음이온 확인 시험 60 min 침전에 의한 양이온 확인 90 min 비누 용액으로 경수 시험 40 min 금속 이온에 대한 붕사 구슬 시험 45 min 미지 물질 확인 도전 75 min 불꽃 발광 분광 분석 60 min pH 지시약 무지개 45 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 식물 색소의 크로마토그래피?
종이 크로마토그래피로 식물 색소를 분리·확인하고 각 색소의 Rf 값을 계산한다.
How difficult is 식물 색소의 크로마토그래피?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 식물 색소의 크로마토그래피?
Key safety precautions include: Acetone and petroleum ether are highly flammable — no open flames; Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood; Avoid inhaling solvent vapors.
What materials are needed for 식물 색소의 크로마토그래피?
The main materials required are: Fresh spinach leaves, Acetone or isopropanol, Petroleum ether, Chromatography paper, Sand.
What results should I expect from 식물 색소의 크로마토그래피?
Four or more colored bands should be visible. Carotenoids (orange) travel farthest (Rf ≈ 0.9–0.95). Xanthophylls (yellow) at Rf ≈ 0.7. Chlorophyll a (blue-green) at Rf ≈ 0.5. Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) at Rf ≈ 0.4.