Chuẩn Độ Axit-Bazơ với Phenolphtalein
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Xác định nồng độ axit bằng bazơ chuẩn
Mục tiêu
Xác định nồng độ dung dịch axit clohydric chưa biết bằng cách chuẩn độ với dung dịch natri hydroxit đã chuẩn hóa, dùng phenolphtalein làm chỉ thị.
Bối cảnh
This classic acid-base titration demonstrates stoichiometric neutralization. HCl reacts with NaOH in a 1:1 molar ratio. Phenolphthalein turns pink above pH 8.2, providing a clear endpoint. Accurate burette technique and multiple trials are essential for reliable results.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- NaOH is corrosive — avoid skin and eye contact
- HCl is corrosive — handle with care
- Wear safety goggles throughout
- Wash any spills immediately with water
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (100 mL)Unknown concentration
-
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (100 mL)0.1M standardized
-
Phenolphthalein indicator (5 mL)1% in ethanol
-
Distilled water (500 mL)For rinsing
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Rinse the burette with a small amount of NaOH solution, then fill it to the 0 mL mark. Record the exact starting volume.
Using the pipette and filler, transfer exactly 25.0 mL of the unknown HCl solution into the Erlenmeyer flask.
Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask. The solution should remain colorless (acidic).
Place the flask on the white tile under the burette. Begin adding NaOH slowly while swirling the flask continuously.
As the endpoint approaches (pink color lingers longer), add NaOH drop by drop until a permanent pale pink color persists for 30 seconds.
Record the final burette reading. Calculate the volume of NaOH used.
Repeat the titration at least two more times for concordant results (within 0.10 mL).
Calculate the concentration of HCl using: C(HCl) = C(NaOH) x V(NaOH) / V(HCl).
Kết quả dự kiến
The endpoint should show a clear transition from colorless to a persistent pale pink. Concordant titre values (within 0.10 mL) indicate good technique. The calculated concentration should match the expected value within experimental error.
Dọn dẹp
Drain the burette and rinse with distilled water. Neutralize waste solutions before disposal. Rinse all glassware thoroughly.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Titrations
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 45 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $15,00
- Số bước
- 8
- Vật liệu
- 4