Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)

Xác định nồng độ clorua bằng bạc nitrat

Titrations Advanced (University) 45 phút ~$20,00

Mục tiêu

Xác định nồng độ ion clorua trong dung dịch bằng phương pháp Mohr, trong đó bạc nitrat là chất chuẩn và kali cromat là chỉ thị.

Bối cảnh

In the Mohr method, silver nitrate reacts with chloride ions to form white silver chloride precipitate. When all chloride is consumed, the first excess silver reacts with the chromate indicator to form brick-red silver chromate, signaling the endpoint. This method works at near-neutral pH.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Silver nitrate stains skin and clothing permanently
  • Potassium chromate is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care
  • Wear nitrile gloves and safety goggles
  • Dispose of silver and chromate waste in designated containers

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Sodium chloride solution (100 mL)
    Unknown concentration
  • Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) (100 mL)
    0.1M standardized
  • Potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) (10 mL)
    5% indicator solution
  • Distilled water (200 mL)

Thiết bị

50 mL burette Burette stand and clamp 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask 25 mL pipette White tile

Quy trình

1

Pipette 25.0 mL of the chloride solution into the Erlenmeyer flask.

2 phút
2

Add 1 mL of 5% potassium chromate indicator. The solution turns pale yellow.

1 phút Chromate is toxic — use minimal amount
3

Fill the burette with 0.1M AgNO₃. Record the initial volume.

3 phút AgNO₃ stains permanently
4

Titrate while swirling vigorously. A white precipitate of AgCl forms.

10 phút
5

Near the endpoint, the precipitate becomes more curd-like. Add AgNO₃ drop by drop until a permanent brick-red color of Ag₂CrO₄ appears.

5 phút
6

Record the volume. Repeat for concordant results.

15 phút
7

Calculate chloride concentration: C(Cl⁻) = C(Ag+) x V(AgNO₃) / V(sample).

5 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

The endpoint is marked by the first permanent appearance of a brick-red color due to Ag₂CrO₄ formation. This color should persist for at least 30 seconds after swirling.

Dọn dẹp

Collect all silver-containing waste in the designated heavy metal waste container. Collect chromate waste separately. Never dispose down the drain. Wash hands thoroughly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)?
Xác định nồng độ ion clorua trong dung dịch bằng phương pháp Mohr, trong đó bạc nitrat là chất chuẩn và kali cromat là chỉ thị.
How difficult is Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)?
Key safety precautions include: Silver nitrate stains skin and clothing permanently; Potassium chromate is toxic and a suspected carcinogen — handle with extreme care; Wear nitrile gloves and safety goggles.
What materials are needed for Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)?
The main materials required are: Sodium chloride solution, Silver nitrate (AgNO₃), Potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Chuẩn Độ Kết Tủa (Phương Pháp Mohr)?
The endpoint is marked by the first permanent appearance of a brick-red color due to Ag₂CrO₄ formation. This color should persist for at least 30 seconds after swirling.