Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê

Đo entanpi trung hòa dùng nhiệt lượng kế đơn giản

Thermochemistry Intermediate (High School) 40 phút ~$8,00

Mục tiêu

Xác định entanpi trung hòa của HCl và NaOH dùng nhiệt lượng kế bằng cốc polystyren.

Bối cảnh

A polystyrene cup makes an inexpensive but effective calorimeter because it has low thermal conductivity. By mixing known volumes of acid and base and measuring the temperature change, the enthalpy of neutralization can be calculated. The accepted value for strong acid-strong base neutralization is -57.1 kJ/mol.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • HCl and NaOH are corrosive
  • Wear safety goggles
  • The mixture will get hot

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    1M
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (50 mL)
    1M
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    For calibration

Thiết bị

Two polystyrene (Styrofoam) cups (nested) Cardboard lid with hole Thermometer (0.1°C resolution) Graduated cylinder (50 mL) Stopwatch

Quy trình

1

Measure 50 mL of 1M HCl and pour into the nested polystyrene cups. Record the initial temperature every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.

5 phút HCl is corrosive
2

Measure 50 mL of 1M NaOH in a separate container. Record its temperature.

2 phút NaOH is corrosive
3

Quickly pour the NaOH into the HCl, stir gently, and replace the lid with thermometer.

1 phút Exothermic reaction
4

Record the temperature every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. Note the maximum temperature.

5 phút
5

Plot temperature vs time. Extrapolate the cooling curve back to the mixing time to find the corrected maximum temperature.

5 phút
6

Calculate ΔT, then q = mcΔT (assume c = 4.18 J/g°C, mass = 100 g). Calculate ΔH per mole of water formed.

8 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

Temperature should rise by approximately 6-7°C. Calculated ΔH should be approximately -50 to -57 kJ/mol (accepted: -57.1 kJ/mol). Losses to the calorimeter walls typically give lower values.

Dọn dẹp

The neutralized solution is safe to pour down the drain. Rinse and dry the calorimeter cups for reuse.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê?
Xác định entanpi trung hòa của HCl và NaOH dùng nhiệt lượng kế bằng cốc polystyren.
How difficult is Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê?
Key safety precautions include: HCl and NaOH are corrosive; Wear safety goggles; The mixture will get hot.
What materials are needed for Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê?
The main materials required are: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Nhiệt Lượng Kế Cốc Cà Phê?
Temperature should rise by approximately 6-7°C. Calculated ΔH should be approximately -50 to -57 kJ/mol (accepted: -57.1 kJ/mol). Losses to the calorimeter walls typically give lower values.