Xác Minh Định Luật Hess
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Xác nhận entanpi là hàm trạng thái bằng ba phản ứng
Mục tiêu
Xác minh định luật Hess bằng cách đo biến thiên entanpi của ba phản ứng liên quan và chứng minh ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ = ΔH₃.
Bối cảnh
Hess's law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the pathway. This is verified by measuring: (1) NaOH(s) → NaOH(aq), (2) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq), and (3) NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq). The sum ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- NaOH pellets are extremely corrosive and generate heat when dissolved
- HCl is corrosive
- Wear goggles and gloves throughout
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Sodium hydroxide pellets (8 g)Anhydrous
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (150 mL)1M
-
Sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL)1M
-
Distilled water (200 mL)
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL distilled water to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets. Stir and record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for dissolution. Repeat for accuracy.
Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 50 mL 1M NaOH. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for neutralization.
Reaction 3: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets directly. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH3 for combined dissolution + neutralization.
Compare ΔH1 + ΔH2 with ΔH3. They should be approximately equal, verifying Hess's law.
Kết quả dự kiến
ΔH1 (dissolution) ≈ -44 kJ/mol, ΔH2 (neutralization) ≈ -57 kJ/mol, ΔH3 (combined) ≈ -101 kJ/mol. ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3 within experimental error (±10%).
Dọn dẹp
Neutralize all solutions before disposal. Rinse calorimeter cups. Dry and store equipment.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Thermochemistry
- Độ khó
- Advanced (University)
- Thời gian
- 60 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $15,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 4