Xác Minh Định Luật Hess

Xác nhận entanpi là hàm trạng thái bằng ba phản ứng

Thermochemistry Advanced (University) 60 phút ~$15,00

Mục tiêu

Xác minh định luật Hess bằng cách đo biến thiên entanpi của ba phản ứng liên quan và chứng minh ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ = ΔH₃.

Bối cảnh

Hess's law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the pathway. This is verified by measuring: (1) NaOH(s) → NaOH(aq), (2) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq), and (3) NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq). The sum ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • NaOH pellets are extremely corrosive and generate heat when dissolved
  • HCl is corrosive
  • Wear goggles and gloves throughout

PPE cần thiết

goggles gloves lab_coat

Vật liệu

  • Sodium hydroxide pellets (8 g)
    Anhydrous
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (150 mL)
    1M
  • Sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL)
    1M
  • Distilled water (200 mL)

Thiết bị

Polystyrene cup calorimeter (2 cups nested) Thermometer Analytical balance Graduated cylinder Stopwatch Lid with hole

Quy trình

1

Reaction 1: Add 50 mL distilled water to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets. Stir and record max temperature.

8 phút Exothermic — NaOH dissolving
2

Calculate ΔH1 for dissolution. Repeat for accuracy.

5 phút
3

Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 50 mL 1M NaOH. Record max temperature.

8 phút
4

Calculate ΔH2 for neutralization.

5 phút
5

Reaction 3: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 2 g NaOH pellets directly. Record max temperature.

8 phút Very exothermic
6

Calculate ΔH3 for combined dissolution + neutralization.

5 phút
7

Compare ΔH1 + ΔH2 with ΔH3. They should be approximately equal, verifying Hess's law.

8 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

ΔH1 (dissolution) ≈ -44 kJ/mol, ΔH2 (neutralization) ≈ -57 kJ/mol, ΔH3 (combined) ≈ -101 kJ/mol. ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3 within experimental error (±10%).

Dọn dẹp

Neutralize all solutions before disposal. Rinse calorimeter cups. Dry and store equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Xác Minh Định Luật Hess?
Xác minh định luật Hess bằng cách đo biến thiên entanpi của ba phản ứng liên quan và chứng minh ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ = ΔH₃.
How difficult is Xác Minh Định Luật Hess?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 60 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Xác Minh Định Luật Hess?
Key safety precautions include: NaOH pellets are extremely corrosive and generate heat when dissolved; HCl is corrosive; Wear goggles and gloves throughout.
What materials are needed for Xác Minh Định Luật Hess?
The main materials required are: Sodium hydroxide pellets, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium hydroxide solution, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Xác Minh Định Luật Hess?
ΔH1 (dissolution) ≈ -44 kJ/mol, ΔH2 (neutralization) ≈ -57 kJ/mol, ΔH3 (combined) ≈ -101 kJ/mol. ΔH1 + ΔH2 should equal ΔH3 within experimental error (±10%).