Nhiệt Dung Riêng Của Kim Loại
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So sánh nhiệt dung của nhôm, đồng và sắt
Mục tiêu
Xác định nhiệt dung riêng của một số kim loại bằng phương pháp hỗn hợp và so sánh với các giá trị đã biết.
Bối cảnh
The specific heat capacity of a metal can be determined by heating a known mass of metal to a known temperature, then transferring it to water in a calorimeter and measuring the temperature change. Energy conservation (q_metal = -q_water) allows calculation of the metal's specific heat.
Cảnh báo an toàn
- Hot metals and boiling water — burn risk
- Use tongs to transfer hot metals
- Do not touch hot metals with bare hands
PPE cần thiết
Vật liệu
-
Metal samples (Al, Cu, Fe) (50 g each)Cylindrical pieces work best
-
Distilled water (300 mL)
-
Boiling water (500 mL)For heating metals
Thiết bị
Quy trình
Weigh each metal sample accurately. Record masses.
Place all metals in boiling water for 10 minutes to reach 100°C.
Add 100 mL room-temperature water to the calorimeter. Record initial temperature.
Using tongs, quickly transfer the aluminum sample to the calorimeter. Stir and record max temperature.
Calculate c(Al) = m(water)×c(water)×ΔT(water) / [m(Al)×ΔT(Al)].
Repeat steps 3-5 for copper and iron.
Compare measured values with accepted: Al=0.897, Cu=0.385, Fe=0.449 J/g°C.
Kết quả dự kiến
Aluminum should give the largest temperature rise in the water (highest specific heat), followed by iron, then copper. Measured values should be within 10-20% of accepted values.
Dọn dẹp
Allow metals to cool completely. Dry and store. Pour water down the drain. Clean calorimeter.
Chi tiết
- Danh mục
- Thermochemistry
- Độ khó
- Intermediate (High School)
- Thời gian
- 40 phút
- Chi phí ước tính
- $10,00
- Số bước
- 7
- Vật liệu
- 3