Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh

Nghiên cứu quá trình hòa tan thu nhiệt của amoni nitrat

Thermochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 20 phút ~$6,00

Mục tiêu

Đo sự thay đổi nhiệt độ khi amoni nitrat hòa tan trong nước, minh họa quá trình hòa tan thu nhiệt dùng trong túi chườm lạnh tức thì.

Bối cảnh

Ammonium nitrate dissolves endothermically in water, absorbing heat from the surroundings and causing a significant temperature drop. This principle is used in commercial instant cold packs for first aid. The dissolution has ΔH = +25.7 kJ/mol.

Cảnh báo an toàn

  • Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat
  • Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment
  • Wear goggles

PPE cần thiết

goggles

Vật liệu

  • Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (30 g)
    Or from a commercial cold pack
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    Room temperature

Thiết bị

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Stirring rod Analytical balance

Quy trình

1

Add 100 mL of distilled water to the polystyrene cup calorimeter. Record the initial temperature.

3 phút
2

Weigh 30 g of ammonium nitrate.

2 phút Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer
3

Add the ammonium nitrate to the water. Stir gently to dissolve.

3 phút
4

Record the temperature every 30 seconds as it drops. Note the minimum temperature.

5 phút
5

Feel the outside of the cup — it should feel cold.

1 phút
6

Calculate ΔH of dissolution per mole: q = mcΔT, n = mass/M(NH₄NO₃), ΔH = q/n.

5 phút

Kết quả dự kiến

Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).

Dọn dẹp

The ammonium nitrate solution is safe to dispose down the drain (dilute). Rinse the calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh?
Đo sự thay đổi nhiệt độ khi amoni nitrat hòa tan trong nước, minh họa quá trình hòa tan thu nhiệt dùng trong túi chườm lạnh tức thì.
How difficult is Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh?
Key safety precautions include: Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizer — keep away from organic materials and heat; Do not mix with anything other than water for this experiment; Wear goggles.
What materials are needed for Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh?
The main materials required are: Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from Hóa Học Túi Chườm Lạnh?
Temperature should drop 15-20°C. 30 g NH₄NO₃ = 0.375 mol. q = 100 × 4.18 × ΔT. Calculated ΔH should be approximately +25 kJ/mol (±15%).