스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산

전 세계 공업용 수소의 주요 공급원

Energy & Battery Technology Global Industrial Scale $130 billion

개요

Steam methane reforming (SMR) produces approximately 95% of the world's hydrogen by reacting natural gas with steam over a nickel catalyst at 700-1,000 degrees C. Hydrogen is essential for ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining (hydrocracking, hydrotreating), methanol production, and increasingly as a clean energy carrier. The process also produces CO₂ as a byproduct, making it 'grey hydrogen.' When combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS), the product becomes 'blue hydrogen.'

화학 공정

Natural gas (CH₄) is desulfurized and mixed with steam at a 1:3 ratio, then passed over Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst in reformer tubes heated externally to 800-900 degrees C and 20-30 bar. The syngas undergoes the water-gas shift reaction to convert CO to CO₂ and additional H₂. CO₂ is removed by amine absorption or pressure swing adsorption (PSA), yielding 99.99% pure hydrogen.

CH₄ + H₂O ⇌ CO + 3H₂ (steam reforming, ΔH = +206 kJ/mol, endothermic)
CO + H₂O ⇌ CO₂ + H₂ (water-gas shift, ΔH = −41 kJ/mol, exothermic)
Overall: CH₄ + 2H₂O → CO₂ + 4H₂

원자재

  • Natural gas (CH₄) — Natural gas wells (Hydrogen and carbon source)
  • Steam (H₂O) — Boiler/waste heat recovery (Oxygen donor and reactant)
  • Nickel catalyst (Ni/Al₂O₃) — Catalyst manufacturers (Reforming catalyst)

최종 제품

  • Hydrogen gas (H₂) — Ammonia, refining, fuel cells, chemicals (99.99% purity by PSA, 10.8 kg CO₂/kg H₂ without CCS)
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Environmental Impact

SMR is responsible for approximately 830 million tons of CO₂ annually — about 2% of global emissions. Each kilogram of hydrogen produces 10-12 kg of CO₂. CCS can capture 85-95% of CO₂ emissions. The transition to green hydrogen (water electrolysis with renewables) is the primary decarbonization pathway.

안전 고려사항

최근 혁신

Green hydrogen from water electrolysis (PEM and alkaline) is scaling rapidly but still costs 2-3x grey hydrogen.
Turquoise hydrogen from methane pyrolysis produces solid carbon instead of CO₂.
Autothermal reforming (ATR) with oxygen is better suited for CCS integration than conventional SMR.

생산 규모

70000000

톤/년

$130 billion

시장 가치

더 보기: Energy & Battery Technology

에스테르 교환 반응에 의한 바이오디젤 생산

Global Industrial Scale

광전지 실리콘 태양전지 제조

Global Industrial Scale

혐기성 소화에 의한 바이오가스 생산

Global Industrial Scale

전지 생산을 위한 염수에서 리튬 추출

Global Industrial Scale

기체 원심 분리에 의한 우라늄 연료 농축

Global Industrial Scale

그린 수소를 위한 PEM 수전해

Commercial Production

수소 연료 전지(PEMFC) 전기화학

Commercial Production

Frequently Asked Questions

What industry uses 스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산?
스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산 is used in the energy & battery technology sector at global industrial scale scale.
What process is involved in 스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산?
Natural gas (CH₄) is desulfurized and mixed with steam at a 1:3 ratio, then passed over Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst in reformer tubes heated externally to 800-900 degrees C and 20-30 bar. The syngas undergoes the water-gas shift reaction to convert CO to CO₂ and additional H₂. CO₂ is removed by amine absorpti
What is the economic significance of 스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산?
스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산 has a market value of $130 billion and annual production of 70,000,000 tons.
What is the environmental impact of 스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산?
SMR is responsible for approximately 830 million tons of CO₂ annually — about 2% of global emissions. Each kilogram of hydrogen produces 10-12 kg of CO₂. CCS can capture 85-95% of CO₂ emissions. The transition to green hydrogen (water electrolysis with renewables) is the primary decarbonization path
What raw materials are used in 스팀 메테인 개질에 의한 수소 생산?
The main raw materials include: Natural gas (CH₄), Steam (H₂O), Nickel catalyst (Ni/Al₂O₃).