82 Pb Plomo 207,2 u

Plomo

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Período
6
Grupo
14
Bloque
p-bloque
Fase (STP)
Solid

El plomo es un metal post-transición denso, blando y tóxico usado desde la antigüedad. Se emplea en baterías, blindaje frente a la radiación y soldaduras.

Acerca de Plomo

Few metals have been worked for as long as lead, which humans have smelted since antiquity. The element carries atomic number 82 and a relative atomic mass of 207.2, and its [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 configuration puts it in group 14 of period 6, the p-block column headed by carbon. It is a dense, soft solid at standard conditions, with an electronegativity of 1.87. Toxicity is its defining modern constraint and has driven its removal from fuels, paints and plumbing across much of the industrialised economy. Three applications nevertheless persist on technical grounds: lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, and solder. Density is the property behind the shielding role, while the low melting behaviour of lead alloys underpins their use as joining metals.

Propiedades físicas

Masa atómica 207.2 u
Fase a STP Solid

Propiedades electrónicas

Electronegatividad 1.87

Configuración electrónica

Configuración [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

Configuración de capas electrónicas

Configuración de capas electrónicas de Plomo Pb 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 18e⁻ 32e⁻ 18e⁻ 4e⁻
Estructura de capas electrónicas de Plomo: electrones por capa.
Capa Electrones
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 18
4 (N) 32
5 (O) 18
6 (P) 4

Posición en la tabla periódica

Posición de Plomo en la tabla periódica Pb

Bloque y período

Bloque

s p d f

Período

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tabla Periódica

Lantánidos Actínidos

Reacciones con Pb

Descarga de una batería de plomo-ácido

Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

Electroquímica

Desintegración alfa de polonio-210

²¹⁰Po → ²⁰⁶Pb + ⁴He

Nuclear

Dióxido de plomo y ácido sulfúrico (descarga de batería de plomo-ácido)

PbO₂ + Pb + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O

Redox

Plomo desplazando a la plata del nitrato de plata

Pb + 2AgNO₃ → Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

Desplazamiento simple

Compuestos que contienen Plomo

Óxido de plomo(II)

PbO

Sulfuro de plomo(II)

PbS

Titanato-circonato de plomo

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃

Más Metal Post-Transición

13 Al Aluminio 31 Ga Galio 49 In Indio 50 Sn Estaño 81 Tl Talio 83 Bi Bismuto 84 Po Polonio

Explorar en Science FYI

MineralFYI
Galena

Principal mena de plomo: sulfuro de plomo (PbS)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Plomo?
Plomo (Pb) is a chemical element with atomic number 82. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a metal post-transición.
What are the key properties of Plomo?
Plomo has an atomic mass of 207.2 u.
What is the electron configuration of Plomo?
The electron configuration of Plomo is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
What is the electronegativity of Plomo?
Plomo has an electronegativity of 1.87 on the Pauling scale.