아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성

세계에서 가장 흔한 약 중 하나 만들기

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 분 ~$15.00

목표

무수 아세트산으로 살리실산을 아세틸화하여 아스피린(아세틸살리실산)을 합성하고, 녹는점 측정으로 순도를 평가한다.

배경

Aspirin synthesis is a classic organic chemistry experiment. Salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst to form acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The product is purified by recrystallization and verified by melting point (135°C for pure aspirin).

안전 경고

  • Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a pungent odor — work in fume hood
  • Phosphoric acid is corrosive
  • Do not consume the synthesized aspirin
  • Wear gloves and goggles

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat

재료

  • Salicylic acid (2 g)
  • Acetic anhydride (5 mL)
    Corrosive, pungent
  • Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) (5 drops)
    85%, catalyst
  • Distilled water (100 mL)
    Ice-cold for crystallization
  • Ethanol (10 mL)
    For recrystallization

장비

Erlenmeyer flask (125 mL) Hot water bath (beaker) Buchner funnel Filter flask Vacuum pump Melting point apparatus Thermometer Ice bath

실험 절차

1

Weigh 2.0 g of salicylic acid into the Erlenmeyer flask. Record the exact mass.

3 분
2

In a fume hood, add 5 mL of acetic anhydride and 5 drops of phosphoric acid catalyst.

3 분 Acetic anhydride is corrosive and pungent
3

Heat the flask in a water bath at 70-80°C for 15 minutes, swirling occasionally.

15 분
4

Remove from heat and carefully add 20 mL of cold water to decompose excess acetic anhydride.

3 분 Exothermic — add water slowly
5

Cool the flask in an ice bath until crystals form. Scratch the flask wall with a glass rod to initiate crystallization.

10 분
6

Collect the crude product by vacuum filtration using the Buchner funnel. Wash with cold water.

10 분
7

Recrystallize: dissolve the crude product in 5 mL warm ethanol, add 15 mL warm water, then cool slowly in ice bath.

15 분
8

Collect purified crystals by vacuum filtration. Dry and determine the melting point.

10 분
9

Calculate the percent yield. Pure aspirin melts at 135°C.

5 분

예상 결과

White needle-like crystals with a melting point of 134-136°C (pure aspirin is 135°C). Typical yield is 70-90%. A depressed or broad melting range indicates impurities (likely unreacted salicylic acid).

정리

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Do not consume the product. Rinse all glassware.

세부 정보

카테고리
Organic Synthesis
난이도
Advanced (University)
소요 시간
90 분
예상 비용
$15.00
단계
9
재료
5

더 많은 실험

아세트산에틸의 피셔 에스테르화 90 min 아세트아미노펜(파라세타몰) 조제 80 min 루미놀 합성 120 min 식물성 기름에서 바이오디젤 생산 60 min 비누화 반응으로 비누 만들기 60 min 차에서 카페인 추출 90 min 바나나 오일(아세트산이소아밀) 합성 90 min 알돌 축합(디벤잘아세톤) 75 min 나일론 6,10 합성(나일론 로프 트릭) 30 min 슬라임 합성(가교 PVA) 20 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성?
무수 아세트산으로 살리실산을 아세틸화하여 아스피린(아세틸살리실산)을 합성하고, 녹는점 측정으로 순도를 평가한다.
How difficult is 아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성?
Key safety precautions include: Acetic anhydride is corrosive and has a pungent odor — work in fume hood; Phosphoric acid is corrosive; Do not consume the synthesized aspirin.
What materials are needed for 아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성?
The main materials required are: Salicylic acid, Acetic anhydride, Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), Distilled water, Ethanol.
What results should I expect from 아스피린(아세틸살리실산) 합성?
White needle-like crystals with a melting point of 134-136°C (pure aspirin is 135°C). Typical yield is 70-90%. A depressed or broad melting range indicates impurities (likely unreacted salicylic acid).