테르밋 반응

녹과 알루미늄에서 용융 철을 생성하는 극도의 발열 산화환원 반응

Classroom Demonstrations Advanced (University) 30 분 ~$15.00

목표

알루미늄이 산화철을 용융 철로 환원하는 극단적인 발열 산화환원 반응을 실증한다.

배경

The thermite reaction (2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe) is one of the most exothermic chemical reactions known. Aluminum reduces iron(III) oxide to produce molten iron and aluminum oxide, reaching temperatures above 2500°C. The reaction is driven by the much greater affinity of aluminum for oxygen compared to iron (the activity series in dramatic action). Thermite is used industrially for welding railroad tracks and cutting through steel.

안전 경고

  • EXTREME CAUTION: Reaction produces temperatures above 2500°C
  • Perform OUTDOORS ONLY with at least 10 m clearance
  • Molten iron droplets are ejected — no one within 5 meters
  • Heavy-duty safety shield is mandatory
  • Have a Class D fire extinguisher on hand (not water or CO₂)
  • Aluminum powder is an explosion hazard — keep away from flame until ready
  • Never attempt to move or disturb the reaction once ignited
  • Wait at least 30 minutes for products to cool before approaching

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat face_shield

재료

  • Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) powder (50 g)
    Fine rust powder
  • Aluminum powder (15 g)
    Fine mesh (200+)
  • Magnesium ribbon (20 cm)
    Ignition fuse
  • Sand (5 kg)
    Insulation bed

장비

Clay flower pot (with drainage hole plugged) Ring stand with iron ring Metal bucket filled with dry sand Safety shield (heavy duty) Fire extinguisher (Class D) Long-handled lighter or match holder

실험 절차

1

OUTDOORS ONLY: Set up the ring stand over the sand-filled bucket. Place the clay pot (with drainage hole plugged with a small wad of paper) on the iron ring.

5 분 10 m minimum clearance from buildings
2

Mix 50 g Fe₂O₃ with 15 g Al powder thoroughly (by weight, approximately 3:1 ratio) in the clay pot.

3 분 No open flames near Al powder
3

Insert the magnesium ribbon into the top of the mixture as a fuse. Ensure the shield is positioned correctly.

2 분
4

Ensure all observers are at least 5 meters away and behind cover. Light the magnesium ribbon with a long lighter and retreat immediately.

2 분 RETREAT IMMEDIATELY after igniting
5

Observe from safe distance: the reaction produces an intensely bright white-orange glow and sparks. Molten iron drips through the pot into the sand below.

3 분 Do not look directly at the reaction without eye protection
6

Wait at least 30 minutes for everything to cool. Dig through the sand to find the solidified iron button.

10 분 Products may still be very hot
7

Examine the iron button and white Al₂O₃ slag. Discuss: activity series, enthalpy of formation, why Al is used in thermite (high affinity for O₂), and industrial applications.

5 분

예상 결과

An intensely bright, self-sustaining reaction lasting 10–20 seconds. Molten iron collects at the bottom (a solid metal button when cooled). White Al₂O₃ slag forms on top. The reaction demonstrates the extreme energy difference between Al-O and Fe-O bonds.

정리

Once fully cooled, collect the iron button and slag. Sand can be reused. Do not pour water on hot products. Dispose of residue in general waste.

세부 정보

카테고리
Classroom Demonstrations
난이도
Advanced (University)
소요 시간
30 분
예상 비용
$15.00
단계
7
재료
4

더 많은 실험

드라이아이스 속 마그네슘 연소 25 min 진동하는 브릭스-라우처 반응 40 min 나트륨과 물의 반응 25 min 아이오딘 시계 반응 45 min 사라지는 비커(굴절률 매칭) 15 min 코끼리 치약 20 min 루미놀 화학발광 30 min 비뉴턴 유체: 우블렉 20 min 밀도 컬럼 무지개 30 min 순간 냉동: 과냉각수 120 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 테르밋 반응?
알루미늄이 산화철을 용융 철로 환원하는 극단적인 발열 산화환원 반응을 실증한다.
How difficult is 테르밋 반응?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 테르밋 반응?
Key safety precautions include: EXTREME CAUTION: Reaction produces temperatures above 2500°C; Perform OUTDOORS ONLY with at least 10 m clearance; Molten iron droplets are ejected — no one within 5 meters.
What materials are needed for 테르밋 반응?
The main materials required are: Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) powder, Aluminum powder, Magnesium ribbon, Sand.
What results should I expect from 테르밋 반응?
An intensely bright, self-sustaining reaction lasting 10–20 seconds. Molten iron collects at the bottom (a solid metal button when cooled). White Al₂O₃ slag forms on top. The reaction demonstrates the extreme energy difference between Al-O and Fe-O bonds.