용해는 항상 발열이 아니다

다양한 염의 용해 시 온도 변화 비교하기

Thermochemistry Beginner (Middle School) 25 분 ~$8.00

목표

다양한 염(NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃)의 용해 엔탈피를 비교하여 용해가 발열 또는 흡열 과정이 될 수 있음을 보인다.

배경

Students often assume dissolving always releases heat. This experiment tests four salts: NaOH and CaCl₂ dissolve exothermically (temperature rises), while NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ dissolve endothermically (temperature drops). The results illustrate that lattice energy vs hydration energy determines the sign of ΔH.

안전 경고

  • NaOH is extremely corrosive
  • NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer
  • Wear goggles and gloves

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves

재료

  • Sodium hydroxide pellets (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Calcium chloride (10 g)
    Exothermic
  • Ammonium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Potassium nitrate (10 g)
    Endothermic
  • Distilled water (400 mL)

장비

4 polystyrene cups Thermometer Stirring rod Analytical balance

실험 절차

1

Add 100 mL water to each of four labeled cups. Record the initial temperature of each.

5 분
2

Add 10 g NaOH to cup 1. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 분 Very exothermic — NaOH is corrosive
3

Add 10 g CaCl₂ to cup 2. Stir and record the maximum temperature.

3 분
4

Add 10 g NH₄NO₃ to cup 3. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 분
5

Add 10 g KNO₃ to cup 4. Stir and record the minimum temperature.

3 분
6

Create a table ranking the salts from most exothermic to most endothermic.

3 분
7

Discuss why some dissolve exothermically and others endothermically (lattice energy vs hydration energy).

5 분

예상 결과

NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.

정리

NaOH and CaCl₂ solutions should be neutralized before disposal. All solutions can be poured down the drain after dilution.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 용해는 항상 발열이 아니다?
다양한 염(NaOH, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, KNO₃)의 용해 엔탈피를 비교하여 용해가 발열 또는 흡열 과정이 될 수 있음을 보인다.
How difficult is 용해는 항상 발열이 아니다?
This experiment is rated as Beginner (Middle School). It takes approximately 25 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 용해는 항상 발열이 아니다?
Key safety precautions include: NaOH is extremely corrosive; NH₄NO₃ is an oxidizer; Wear goggles and gloves.
What materials are needed for 용해는 항상 발열이 아니다?
The main materials required are: Sodium hydroxide pellets, Calcium chloride, Ammonium nitrate, Potassium nitrate, Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 용해는 항상 발열이 아니다?
NaOH: +15-20°C rise. CaCl₂: +10-15°C rise. NH₄NO₃: -15-20°C drop. KNO₃: -5-10°C drop. Clear demonstration that dissolution can be either exothermic or endothermic.