마그네슘의 연소열

헤스의 법칙과 산화마그네슘을 이용한 ΔH 결정

Thermochemistry Advanced (University) 50 분 ~$12.00

목표

직접 측정이 현실적이지 않으므로 헤스의 법칙을 간접적으로 이용하여 마그네슘의 연소 엔탈피를 결정한다.

배경

The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.

안전 경고

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
  • Do not perform near open flames
  • Wear goggles and gloves

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat

재료

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)
    1M

장비

Polystyrene cup calorimeter Thermometer Analytical balance Graduated cylinder Lid

실험 절차

1

Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.

8 분 H₂ produced — no flames
2

Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.

5 분
3

Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.

8 분
4

Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.

5 분
5

Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.

5 분
6

Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).

5 분

예상 결과

ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.

정리

Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 마그네슘의 연소열?
직접 측정이 현실적이지 않으므로 헤스의 법칙을 간접적으로 이용하여 마그네슘의 연소 엔탈피를 결정한다.
How difficult is 마그네슘의 연소열?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 50 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 마그네슘의 연소열?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas; Do not perform near open flames.
What materials are needed for 마그네슘의 연소열?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Magnesium oxide (MgO), Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What results should I expect from 마그네슘의 연소열?
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.