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Barium oxide is a white solid that reacts exothermically with water. It was historically used as a drying agent and …

Zinc oxide is a white powder used in sunscreens, rubber, ceramics, and electronics. It is one of the most versatile …

Calcium oxide (quicklime) is a white caustic substance produced by heating limestone. It reacts exothermically with water to form slaked …

Phosphorus pentoxide is the most powerful desiccant (drying agent) known. It is so hygroscopic that it reacts violently with water, …

Lanthanum oxide is used in optical glass, catalytic converters, and as a phosphate binder in medicine. It is a key …

Beryllium oxide has a unique combination of high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation. It conducts heat nearly as well …

Yttrium oxide is a white powder used in YAG lasers, phosphors for TVs, and as a stabilizer for zirconia ceramics.

Cadmium oxide is a brown-black semiconductor used in cadmium plating and NiCd batteries. It is highly toxic and a known …

Boron trioxide is a glassy solid that is one of the most important boron compounds. It is a key component …

Silicon dioxide (silica) is the most abundant mineral in Earth's crust. Quartz, sand, and glass are all forms of SiO₂.

Magnesium oxide is a white hygroscopic solid with an extremely high melting point. It is used as an antacid and …

Strontium oxide is a strong base that reacts with water to form strontium hydroxide. It is used in CRT glass …

Aluminum oxide (alumina) is an extremely hard ceramic material. Natural corundum, rubies, and sapphires are crystalline forms of Al₂O₃.

Chromium trioxide is a powerful oxidizer and the source of hexavalent chromium in chrome plating baths. It is the most …

Tungsten trioxide is a yellow powder that is the primary intermediate in tungsten metal production. It is reduced with hydrogen …

Vanadium pentoxide is a yellow to red crystalline solid that is the most important commercial vanadium compound. It is the …

Tantalum pentoxide is a high-dielectric material used in electronic capacitors and as an anti-reflective coating for camera lenses. It is …

Uranium dioxide is the standard nuclear fuel used in most commercial nuclear reactors. It has a remarkably high melting point …

Germanium dioxide is the most important germanium compound commercially, used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and as a polymerization catalyst …

Antimony trioxide is the most important commercial antimony compound, primarily used as a flame retardant synergist with halogenated compounds.

Niobium pentoxide is used in high-refractive-index optical coatings, capacitors, and as a catalyst. Niobium is considered a critical raw material.

Manganese dioxide is a black mineral that occurs naturally as pyrolusite. It is the primary cathode material in alkaline and …

Zirconium dioxide is a white crystalline oxide with the highest melting point of any metal oxide. In its cubic form …

Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment due to its brightness and high refractive index. It is used …

Plutonium dioxide is used in mixed oxide (MOX) nuclear fuel and in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that power deep space …

Molybdenum trioxide is the primary industrial source of molybdenum. It is used as a catalyst, pigment, and precursor for molybdenum …

LiCoO₂ was the first commercially successful lithium-ion battery cathode, used in smartphones and laptops since 1991. It offers high energy …

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent conducting oxide used in virtually all touchscreens, LCD displays, and OLED panels. It …

NMC is the most widely used cathode chemistry in electric vehicle batteries. Different Ni:Mn:Co ratios trade off energy density against …

Copper(I) oxide is a red powder used in antifouling paint for ship hulls and as a fungicide. It occurs naturally …

Cobalt(II) oxide is a gray-green powder used as a blue coloring agent in ceramics and glass. It has been used …

Copper(II) oxide is a black solid that occurs naturally as the mineral tenorite. It is used as a pigment, in …

Nickel(II) oxide is a green-black crystalline solid used in ceramics, nickel alloy production, and as a catalyst. It exhibits interesting …

Tin(II) oxide is a blue-black solid used in tin plating and as a reducing agent. It is an amphoteric oxide …

Lead(II) oxide, or litharge, is a yellow to reddish crystalline powder. It has been used in lead-acid batteries, ceramics, and …

Iron(II) oxide (wustite) is a non-stoichiometric black mineral. It is thermodynamically unstable and tends to disproportionate to iron and Fe₃O₄.

Neodymium oxide is the precursor for neodymium metal used in the strongest permanent magnets. These NdFeB magnets are in every …

Bismuth(III) oxide is a bright yellow powder used in ceramics, glass, and as a precursor to other bismuth compounds. It …

Chromium(III) oxide is a stable green pigment known as chrome green. It is one of the most durable inorganic pigments …

Gallium(III) oxide is an emerging ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor that could surpass silicon carbide and gallium nitride in power electronics applications.

Iron(III) oxide, commonly known as rust or hematite, is a reddish-brown solid. It is the most common iron ore and …

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is the most magnetic naturally occurring mineral on Earth. It is the oldest known magnetic material and was …

Cerium(IV) oxide is the most commercially important compound of cerium, the most abundant rare earth element. It is used as …

Tin(IV) oxide is the most important tin ore (cassiterite) and has been mined since the Bronze Age. It is a …

Vanadium pentoxide is the most important industrial vanadium compound, primarily used as a catalyst for sulfuric acid production by the …