Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

개요

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

참여 물질

역할 물질 계수 상태
반응물 Nitrogen N 1 (g)
반응물 Hydrogen H 3 (g)
생성물 Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

일상 속 예시

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

산업적 중요성

전 세계 식량 생산의 기반이 되는 질소 비료 합성의 핵심 공정입니다. 현재 약 50%의 인류가 하버-보슈 공정으로 생산된 비료 덕분에 식량을 공급받고 있습니다.

성질

유형
Synthesis
가역 반응
예
에너지
발열
ΔH
-92.4 kJ/mol
Ea
230.0 kJ/mol
촉매
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

에너지 프로파일 다이어그램

에너지 반응 진행도 ΔH -92.4 kJ Eₐ 230.0 kJ 반응물 생성물

발열 반응 — 에너지가 방출됩니다

관련 반응

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.