Saponification (Fat + NaOH)

fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)

개요

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.

참여 물질

역할 물질 계수 상태
반응물 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH 3 (aq)
생성물 Glycerol C₃H₈O₃ 1 (l)

일상 속 예시

Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.

산업적 중요성

세계 비누 산업은 연간 2,500만 톤 이상을 생산합니다. 부산물인 글리세롤은 의약품, 화장품, 식품 가공에 사용됩니다.

성질

유형
Organic
가역 반응
아니오
에너지
발열
ΔH
-25.0 kJ/mol

관련 반응

Epoxidation of Alkenes (mCPBA) Swern Oxidation Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol to Ketone E2 Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation) Claisen Condensation (Ethyl Acetate) Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde Kolbe Electrolysis Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Beckmann Rearrangement (Cyclohexanone Oxime) Dehydration of Ethanol

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponification (Fat + NaOH)?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is a organic reaction.
Is Saponification (Fat + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponification (Fat + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.