Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror)

RCHO + 2Ag(NH3)2+ + 2OH− → RCOO− + 2Ag + 4NH3 + H2O

개요

Tollens' reagent (silver-ammonia complex) is reduced to metallic silver by aldehydes, producing a silver mirror on the test tube walls. The aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylate. This test distinguishes aldehydes from ketones, as ketones cannot be easily oxidized. It was historically used for mirror manufacturing.

참여 물질

역할 물질 계수 상태
생성물 Water H₂O 1 (l)
생성물 Silver Ag 2 (s)
생성물 Ammonia NH₃ 4 (aq)

일상 속 예시

The silver mirror test creates a beautiful reflective coating on glass, and this chemistry was actually used to make mirrors commercially.

산업적 중요성

톨렌스 시험은 유기 화학에서 알데하이드 식별에 사용됩니다. 화학적 환원에 의한 은 거울 제조는 여전히 고품질 거울에 사용됩니다.

성질

유형
Redox
가역 반응
아니오
에너지
발열
ΔH
-135.0 kJ/mol

관련 반응

Iron(II) to Iron(III) Oxidation by Oxygen Bleaching with Sodium Hypochlorite Copper Reduction of Silver Ion Aqua Regia Dissolving Gold Cerium(IV) Reduction by Iron(II) Chlorine Oxidation of Bromide Copper Oxidation by Nitric Acid Hypochlorite Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizing Agent (Acidic) Displacement of Hydrogen from Acid by Magnesium

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror)?
The balanced equation is: RCHO + 2Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ + 2OH⁻ → RCOO⁻ + 2Ag + 4NH₃ + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror)?
Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror) is a redox reaction.
Is Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror) exothermic or endothermic?
Tollen's Test (Silver Mirror) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -135.0 kJ/mol.