마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론

Mg와 HCl의 반응으로 몰부피 계산하기

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 40 분 ~$8.00

목표

알려진 질량의 마그네슘 리본을 과량의 염산과 반응시켜 상온 조건에서 수소 기체의 몰부피를 결정한다.

배경

When magnesium reacts with HCl, hydrogen gas is produced: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. By measuring the mass of Mg used and the volume of H₂ collected, the molar volume at room conditions can be calculated and compared with the theoretical value at STP (22.4 L/mol).

안전 경고

  • HCl is corrosive
  • Hydrogen is flammable — no flames
  • Handle glassware carefully

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat

재료

  • Magnesium ribbon (0.1 g)
    Accurately weighed
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (30 mL)
    2M, excess
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

장비

Eudiometer tube or graduated cylinder (50 mL) Pneumatic trough Copper wire cage Rubber stopper Analytical balance Thermometer Barometer

실험 절차

1

Weigh a 3-4 cm strip of magnesium ribbon accurately. Record mass to 0.001 g.

3 분
2

Roll the Mg ribbon and secure it in a copper wire cage attached to a rubber stopper.

3 분
3

Fill the eudiometer tube with 2M HCl. Insert the stopper+Mg assembly, inverting the tube into the trough.

5 분 Handle acid carefully
4

Allow the reaction to complete. All the Mg should dissolve, producing H₂ gas that collects at the top.

10 분 No flames nearby
5

Equalize water levels inside and outside the tube. Read the gas volume at the meniscus.

3 분
6

Record room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

2 분
7

Correct for water vapor pressure. Calculate moles of H₂ from Mg mass. Determine molar volume.

8 분

예상 결과

0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).

정리

Neutralize remaining HCl with NaHCO₃. Dispose down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

세부 정보

카테고리
Gas Laws
난이도
Intermediate (High School)
소요 시간
40 분
예상 비용
$8.00
단계
7
재료
3

더 많은 실험

데카르트 잠수함 15 min 증기압과 끓는점 45 min 풍선으로 보는 샤를의 법칙 30 min 보일의 법칙 검증 40 min 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피 35 min 수소 기체 포집 35 min 확산 속도 비교(그레이엄의 법칙) 30 min CO₂와 석회수 시험 20 min

자주 묻는 질문

What is the objective of 마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론?
알려진 질량의 마그네슘 리본을 과량의 염산과 반응시켜 상온 조건에서 수소 기체의 몰부피를 결정한다.
How difficult is 마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 40 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론?
Key safety precautions include: HCl is corrosive; Hydrogen is flammable — no flames; Handle glassware carefully.
What materials are needed for 마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론?
The main materials required are: Magnesium ribbon, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론?
0.1 g Mg = 0.00411 mol, producing 0.00411 mol H₂. At room conditions (~25°C, 1 atm), volume should be about 100 mL. Calculated molar volume at STP should be approximately 22.4 L/mol (±5%).