표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피

뷰테인을 사용하여 실험적으로 22.4 L/mol 결정하기

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 분 ~$6.00

목표

라이터에서 방출되는 기체의 질량과 부피를 측정하여 표준 상태에서 뷰테인 기체의 몰부피를 결정한다.

배경

A butane lighter releases pure C₄H₁₀ gas. By weighing the lighter before and after releasing gas into a water-displacement collection system, and measuring the volume collected, the molar volume can be calculated and compared to the theoretical 22.4 L/mol at STP.

안전 경고

  • Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment
  • Ensure adequate ventilation
  • Do not inhale butane

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles

재료

  • Butane lighter (1)
    Disposable, transparent preferred
  • Distilled water (1 L)
  • Ice (as needed)
    Optional, for STP correction

장비

Pneumatic trough or large container Graduated cylinder (500 mL or 1 L) Analytical balance (0.01 g) Thermometer Barometer Rubber tubing

실험 절차

1

Weigh the butane lighter on the analytical balance. Record the mass to 0.01 g.

2 분
2

Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it in the pneumatic trough.

3 분
3

Connect rubber tubing to the lighter nozzle. Submerge the other end under the graduated cylinder.

3 분 No flames nearby
4

Release butane slowly into the inverted cylinder, collecting 200-400 mL of gas.

5 분 Butane is flammable
5

Record the volume of gas collected. Equalize water levels first.

2 분
6

Reweigh the lighter. The mass difference is the mass of butane released.

2 분
7

Record temperature and pressure. Calculate moles of butane (M=58.12 g/mol). Correct volume to STP using combined gas law.

8 분
8

Calculate molar volume = V(STP)/n. Compare with theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

5 분

예상 결과

0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.

정리

Ensure no butane remains in the room — ventilate well. Drain water apparatus. Store lighter safely.

세부 정보

카테고리
Gas Laws
난이도
Intermediate (High School)
소요 시간
35 분
예상 비용
$6.00
단계
8
재료
3

더 많은 실험

마그네슘을 이용한 기체 화학양론 40 min 데카르트 잠수함 15 min 증기압과 끓는점 45 min 풍선으로 보는 샤를의 법칙 30 min 보일의 법칙 검증 40 min 수소 기체 포집 35 min 확산 속도 비교(그레이엄의 법칙) 30 min CO₂와 석회수 시험 20 min

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피?
라이터에서 방출되는 기체의 질량과 부피를 측정하여 표준 상태에서 뷰테인 기체의 몰부피를 결정한다.
How difficult is 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피?
Key safety precautions include: Butane is extremely flammable — NO open flames during the experiment; Ensure adequate ventilation; Do not inhale butane.
What materials are needed for 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피?
The main materials required are: Butane lighter, Distilled water, Ice.
What results should I expect from 표준 상태에서 기체의 몰부피?
0.3 g butane = 0.00516 mol should occupy about 116 mL at STP. Molar volume should be approximately 22-24 L/mol, within 5-10% of the theoretical 22.4 L/mol.