수소 기체 포집

아연과 산에서 수소 발생 및 포집하기

Gas Laws Intermediate (High School) 35 분 ~$10.00

목표

아연과 염산의 반응으로 수소 기체를 발생시키고 수상 치환법으로 포집한다.

배경

When zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂. The gas can be collected by water displacement in an inverted graduated cylinder, allowing volume measurement and mole calculations.

안전 경고

  • Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby
  • HCl is corrosive
  • Work in a well-ventilated area
  • Do not seal the system completely — pressure buildup risk

필수 개인 보호 장비

goggles gloves lab_coat

재료

  • Zinc granules (5 g)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (50 mL)
    2M
  • Distilled water (500 mL)

장비

Erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) Rubber stopper with delivery tube Pneumatic trough or large bowl Graduated cylinder (100 mL) Rubber tubing

실험 절차

1

Fill the pneumatic trough with water. Fill the graduated cylinder with water, invert it, and place it in the trough.

5 분
2

Place 5 g zinc granules in the Erlenmeyer flask.

2 분
3

Add 50 mL of 2M HCl to the flask. Quickly insert the rubber stopper with delivery tube.

2 분 HCl is corrosive
4

Direct the delivery tube under the inverted graduated cylinder. Collect the hydrogen gas by water displacement.

10 분 No flames — hydrogen is flammable
5

When the reaction slows, record the volume of gas collected. Note temperature and atmospheric pressure.

3 분
6

Optionally, perform the squeaky pop test: bring a lit splint near a small collection of H₂.

3 분 Very small amount only
7

Calculate moles of H₂ using ideal gas law and compare with moles predicted from zinc mass.

5 분

예상 결과

5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.

정리

Neutralize remaining acid with sodium bicarbonate. Dispose of zinc chloride solution down the drain. Rinse all equipment.

세부 정보

카테고리
Gas Laws
난이도
Intermediate (High School)
소요 시간
35 분
예상 비용
$10.00
단계
7
재료
3

더 많은 실험

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the objective of 수소 기체 포집?
아연과 염산의 반응으로 수소 기체를 발생시키고 수상 치환법으로 포집한다.
How difficult is 수소 기체 포집?
This experiment is rated as Intermediate (High School). It takes approximately 35 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for 수소 기체 포집?
Key safety precautions include: Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable — NO open flames nearby; HCl is corrosive; Work in a well-ventilated area.
What materials are needed for 수소 기체 포집?
The main materials required are: Zinc granules, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Distilled water.
What results should I expect from 수소 기체 포집?
5 g Zn = 0.076 mol should produce 0.076 mol H₂ = ~1.9 L at STP. The collected volume should be close to this when corrected for temperature and water vapor pressure.