14 Si Silicio 28,085 u

Silicio

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Período
3
Grupo
14
Bloque
p-bloque
Fase (STP)
Solid

El silicio es el segundo elemento más abundante de la corteza terrestre tras el oxígeno. Es la base de la electrónica moderna y de la tecnología de semiconductores.

Apariencia: Crystalline, reflective with bluish tinge

Acerca de Silicio

The foundation of modern electronics, silicon is a hard, crystalline metalloid whose semiconducting behavior underpins integrated circuits. It has atomic number 14 and an atomic mass of 28.085, a reflective surface with a bluish tinge, and a melting point of 1687 K. Four valence electrons ([Ne] 3s2 3p2) and an electronegativity of 1.90 favor a covalent, diamond-like lattice; its first ionization energy is 786.5 kJ/mol. Jöns Jacob Berzelius isolated the element in 1824. After oxygen, silicon is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, occurring in sand and silicate minerals rather than free. It belongs to group 14, period 3, below carbon.

Propiedades físicas

Masa atómica 28.085 u
Densidad 2.3296 g/cm³
Punto de fusión 1413.8 °C
Punto de ebullición 3264.8 °C
Fase a STP Solid
Radio atómico 111.0 pm

Propiedades electrónicas

Electronegatividad 1.9
Energía de ionización 786.5 eV
Afinidad electrónica 133.6 eV
Electrones de valencia 4

Configuración electrónica

Configuración [Ne] 3s² 3p²

Configuración de capas electrónicas

Configuración de capas electrónicas de Silicio Si 2e⁻ 8e⁻ 4e⁻
Estructura de capas electrónicas de Silicio: electrones por capa.
Capa Electrones
1 (K) 2
2 (L) 8
3 (M) 4

Posición en la tabla periódica

Posición de Silicio en la tabla periódica Si

Descubrimiento

Descubierto por: Jons Jacob Berzelius
Año: 1824

Compuestos que contienen Silicio

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Silicio?
Silicio (Si) is a chemical element with atomic number 14. It is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, classified as a metaloide.
What are the key properties of Silicio?
Silicio has an atomic mass of 28.085 u, density of 2.3296 g/cm³, melting point of 1413.8°C, boiling point of 3264.8°C.
What is the electron configuration of Silicio?
The electron configuration of Silicio is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. It is in the p-block of the periodic table.
Who discovered Silicio?
Silicio was discovered by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1824.
What is the electronegativity of Silicio?
Silicio has an electronegativity of 1.9 on the Pauling scale.