Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)

Fabricación del éster responsable del sabor de plátano

Organic Synthesis Advanced (University) 90 min ~$22,00

Objetivo

Sintetizar acetato de isoamilo (aceite de plátano) mediante esterificación de Fischer de ácido acético y alcohol isoamílico, demostrando cómo los ésteres crean sabores frutales.

Antecedentes

Isoamyl acetate is the ester responsible for the characteristic smell of bananas. It is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid. This experiment demonstrates ester formation, liquid-liquid extraction, and the connection between molecular structure and sensory properties.

Advertencias de seguridad

  • Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive
  • Glacial acetic acid causes burns
  • Isoamyl alcohol is flammable
  • Work in a fume hood throughout

EPP requerido

goggles gloves lab_coat

Materiales

  • Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) (5 mL)
  • Glacial acetic acid (7 mL)
    Excess
  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mL)
    Concentrated, catalyst
  • Sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL)
    5%
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g)
    Drying agent

Equipamiento

Round-bottom flask (100 mL) Reflux condenser Heating mantle Separating funnel Boiling chips

Procedimiento

1

Add 5 mL isoamyl alcohol and 7 mL glacial acetic acid to the round-bottom flask with boiling chips.

3 min Fume hood required
2

Slowly add 1 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst.

2 min Add very slowly — exothermic
3

Attach reflux condenser and heat at gentle reflux for 60 minutes.

60 min Ensure condenser water flows
4

Cool and transfer to a separating funnel. Add 25 mL water and shake.

3 min
5

Wash the organic layer with 25 mL of 5% NaHCO₃. Vent frequently.

5 min CO₂ produced — vent
6

Dry the organic layer over Na₂SO₄ for 10 minutes. Filter and smell by wafting.

12 min Waft — do not sniff directly
7

Calculate the yield and record the banana-like aroma.

5 min

Resultados esperados

A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.

Limpieza

Dispose of organic waste in designated containers. Neutralize acid waste. Rinse glassware with acetone then water.

Detalles

Categoría
Organic Synthesis
Dificultad
Advanced (University)
Duración
90 min
Costo estimado
$22,00
Pasos
7
Materiales
5

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Preguntas frecuentes

What is the objective of Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)?
Sintetizar acetato de isoamilo (aceite de plátano) mediante esterificación de Fischer de ácido acético y alcohol isoamílico, demostrando cómo los ésteres crean sabores frutales.
How difficult is Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)?
This experiment is rated as Advanced (University). It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
What safety precautions are needed for Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)?
Key safety precautions include: Concentrated H₂SO₄ is extremely corrosive; Glacial acetic acid causes burns; Isoamyl alcohol is flammable.
What materials are needed for Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)?
The main materials required are: Isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), Glacial acetic acid, Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), Sodium bicarbonate solution, Anhydrous sodium sulfate.
What results should I expect from Síntesis de Aceite de Plátano (Acetato de Isoamilo)?
A clear, pale yellow liquid with a strong banana aroma (isoamyl acetate). Typical yield is 50-65%. The unmistakable banana smell confirms successful ester formation.