Calor de Combustión del Magnesio
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Determinación de ΔH usando la ley de Hess y óxido de magnesio
Objetivo
Determinar la entalpía de combustión del magnesio indirectamente usando la ley de Hess, ya que la medición directa es impráctica.
Antecedentes
The combustion of Mg in O₂ is too vigorous for direct calorimetry. Instead, we measure: (1) Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, and (2) MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Combined with the known ΔH for H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O, Hess's law gives ΔH(combustion) of Mg.
Advertencias de seguridad
- HCl is corrosive
- Mg + HCl produces flammable H₂ gas
- Do not perform near open flames
- Wear goggles and gloves
EPP requerido
Materiales
-
Magnesium ribbon (0.5 g)
-
Magnesium oxide (MgO) (1 g)
-
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (200 mL)1M
Equipamiento
Procedimiento
Reaction 1: Add 50 mL 1M HCl to the calorimeter. Record temperature. Add 0.25 g Mg ribbon. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH1 for Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
Clean the calorimeter. Reaction 2: Add 50 mL 1M HCl. Record temperature. Add 0.5 g MgO. Record max temperature.
Calculate ΔH2 for MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O.
Use Hess's law: ΔH(combustion) = ΔH1 - ΔH2 + ΔH(H₂ combustion). ΔH(H₂ + 0.5O₂ → H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol.
Compare calculated ΔH with accepted value (-601.6 kJ/mol).
Resultados esperados
ΔH1 ≈ -462 kJ/mol, ΔH2 ≈ -146 kJ/mol. ΔH(comb) = -462 - (-146) + (-286) = -602 kJ/mol, close to the accepted -601.6 kJ/mol.
Limpieza
Neutralize HCl waste. Dispose of MgCl₂ solution down the drain. Rinse calorimeter.
Detalles
- Categoría
- Thermochemistry
- Dificultad
- Advanced (University)
- Duración
- 50 min
- Costo estimado
- $12,00
- Pasos
- 6
- Materiales
- 3