Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Descripción general

The Haber-Bosch process combines nitrogen from the atmosphere with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. This reversible reaction requires high temperatures (400-500 C) and pressures (150-300 atm) along with an iron catalyst. It is arguably the most important industrial chemical reaction ever developed.

Participantes

Rol Sustancia Coeficiente Estado
Reactivo Nitrogen N 1 (g)
Reactivo Hydrogen H 3 (g)
Producto Ammonia NH₃ 2 (g)

Ejemplo cotidiano

Fertilizers that feed roughly half the world's population are produced from ammonia made by this process.

Importancia industrial

El proceso Haber-Bosch produce más de 150 millones de toneladas de amoníaco anuales, esenciales para fertilizantes, explosivos y síntesis química, siendo responsable de alimentar a la mitad de la población mundial.

Propiedades

Tipo
Synthesis
Reversible
Sí
Energía
Exotérmico
ΔH
-92,4 kJ/mol
Ea
230,0 kJ/mol
Catalizador
Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters

Diagrama de perfil de energía

Energía Progreso de la reacción ΔH -92,4 kJ Eₐ 230,0 kJ Reactivos Productos

Reacción exotérmica — se libera energía

Reacciones relacionadas

Formation of Calcium Hydroxide Formation of Carbon Monoxide Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation of Potassium Chloride Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate Formation of Sodium Peroxide Formation of Silicon Dioxide Formation of Tungsten Carbide Formation of Copper(II) Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (General)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the equation for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
The balanced equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
What type of reaction is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is a synthesis reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) exothermic or endothermic?
Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -92.4 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Formation of Ammonia (Haber Process)?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Iron with potassium and aluminum oxide promoters) and activation energy of 230.0 kJ/mol.