Deshidratación de etanol

C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O

Descripción general

Ethanol is dehydrated to ethylene by concentrated sulfuric acid at 170 C or by passing over heated alumina. This elimination reaction removes water from adjacent carbon atoms to form the C=C double bond. At lower temperatures (140 C), diethyl ether forms instead via intermolecular dehydration.

Participantes

Rol Sustancia Coeficiente Estado
Reactivo Etanol C₂H₅OH 1 (l)
Producto Etileno C₂H₄ 1 (g)
Producto Agua H₂O 1 (l)

Ejemplo cotidiano

Brazil produces bio-ethylene from sugarcane ethanol using this dehydration, making green polyethylene for sustainable packaging.

Importancia industrial

La deshidratación del etanol a etileno es la base de la industria bioplástica de Brasil, produciendo etileno renovable como alternativa al craqueo petroquímico.

Preguntas frecuentes

What is the equation for Deshidratación de etanol?
The balanced equation is: C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O.
What type of reaction is Deshidratación de etanol?
Deshidratación de etanol is a orgánica reaction. It is reversible under certain conditions.
Is Deshidratación de etanol exothermic or endothermic?
Deshidratación de etanol is endothermic (absorbs energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is 44.0 kJ/mol.
What conditions are needed for Deshidratación de etanol?
This reaction requires a catalyst (Concentrated H₂SO₄ or Al₂O₃).